in the polar bear: Scent communication in polar bears, Journal of Zoology, 295(1), 36–43.

Owens, A. C. S., et al. (2020) Light pollution is a driver of insect declines, Biological Conservation, 241, 108259.

Owens, G. L., et al. (2012) In the four-eyed fish (Anableps anableps), the regions of the retina exposed to aquatic and aerial light do not express the same set of opsin genes, Biology Letters, 8(1), 86–89.

Pack, A., and Herman, L. (1995) Sensory integration in the bottlenosed dolphin: Immediate recognition of complex shapes across the senses of echolocation and vision, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98, 722–33.

Page, R. A., and Ryan, M. J. (2008) The effect of signal complexity on localization performance in bats that localize frog calls, Animal Behaviour, 76(3), 761–769.

Pain, S. (2001) Stench warfare, New Scientist. Available at: www.newscientist.com/article/mg17122984-600-stench-warfare/.

Palmer, B. A., et al. (2017) The image-forming mirror in the eye of the scallop, Science, 358(6367), 1172–1175.

Panksepp, J., and Burgdorf, J. (2000) 50-kHz chirping (laughter?) in response to conditioned and unconditioned tickle-induced reward in rats: Effects of social housing and genetic variables, Behavioural Brain Research, 115(1), 25–38.

Park, T. J., et al. (2008) Selective inflammatory pain insensitivity in the African naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), PLOS Biology, 6(1), e13.

Park, T. J., et al. (2017) Fructose-driven glycolysis supports anoxia resistance in the naked mole-rat, Science, 356(6335), 307–311.

Park, T. J., Lewin, G. R., and Buffenstein, R. (2010) Naked mole rats: Their extraordinary sensory world, in Breed, M., and Moore, J. (eds), Encyclopedia of animal behavior, 505–512. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Parker, A. (2004) In the blink of an eye: How vision sparked the big bang of evolution. New York: Basic Books.

Partridge, B. L., and Pitcher, T. J. (1980) The sensory basis of fish schools: Relative roles of lateral line and vision, Journal of Comparative Physiology, 135(4), 315–325.

Partridge, J. C., et al. (2014) Reflecting optics in the diverticular eye of a deep-sea barreleye fish (Rhynchohyalus natalensis), Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1782), 20133223.

Patek, S. N., Korff, W. L., and Caldwell, R. L. (2004) Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp, Nature, 428(6985), 819–820.

Patton, P., Windsor, S., and Coombs, S. (2010) Active wall following by Mexican blind cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus), Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 196(11), 853–867.

Paul, S. C., and Stevens, M. (2020) Horse vision and obstacle visibility in horseracing, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 222, 104882.

Paulin, M. G. (1995) Electroreception and the compass sense of sharks, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 174(3), 325–339.

Payne, K. (1999) Silent thunder: In the presence of elephants. London: Penguin.

Payne, K. B., Langbauer, W. R., and Thomas, E. M. (1986) Infrasonic calls of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 18(4), 297–301.

Payne, R. S. (1971) Acoustic location of prey by barn owls (Tyto alba), Journal of Experimental Biology, 54(3), 535–573.

Payne, R. S., and McVay, S. (1971) Songs of humpback whales, Science, 173(3997), 585–597.

Payne, R., and Webb, D. (1971) Orientation by means of long range acoustic signaling in baleen whales, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 188(1 Orientation), 110–141.

Peichl, L. (2005) Diversity of mammalian photoreceptor properties: Adaptations to habitat and lifestyle? The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology, 287A(1), 1001–1012.

Peichl, L., Behrmann, G., and Krцger, R. H. (2001) For whales and seals the ocean is not blue: A visual pigment loss in marine mammals, The European Journal of Neuroscience, 13(8), 1520–1528.

Perry, M. W., and Desplan, C. (2016) Love spots, Current Biology, 26(12), R484–R485.

Persons, W. S., and Currie, P. J. (2015) Bristles before down: A new perspective on the functional origin of feathers, Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, 69(4), 857–862.

Pettigrew, J. D., Manger, P. R., and Fine, S. L. B. (1998) The sensory world of the platypus, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 353(1372), 1199–1210.

Phillips, J. N., et al. (2019) Background noise disrupts host-parasitoid interactions, Royal Society Open Science, 6(9), 190867.

Phippen, J. W. (2016) "Kill every buffalo you can! Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone," The Atlantic. Available at: www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2016/05/the-buffalo-killers/482349/.

Picciani, N., et al. (2018) Prolific origination of eyes in Cnidaria with co-option of non-visual opsins, Current Biology, 28(15), 2413–2419.e4.

Piersma, T., et al. (1995) Holling's functional response model as a tool to link the food-finding mechanism of a probing shorebird with its spatial distribution, Journal of Animal Ecology, 64(4), 493–504.

Piersma, T., et al. (1998) A new pressure sensory mechanism for prey detection in birds: The use of principles of seabed dynamics? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 265(1404), 1377–1383.

Pihlström, H., et al. (2005) Scaling of mammalian ethmoid bones can predict olfactory organ size and performance, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 272(1566), 957–962.

Pitcher, T. J., Partridge, B. L., and Wardle, C. S. (1976) A blind fish can school, Science, 194(4268), 963–965.

Plachetzki, D. C., Fong, C. R., and Oakley, T. H. (2012) Cnidocyte discharge is regulated by light and opsin-mediated phototransduction, BMC Biology, 10(1), 17.

Plotnik, J. M., et al. (2019) Elephants have a nose for quantity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(25), 12566–12571.

Pointer, M. R., and Attridge, G. G. (1998) The number of discernible colours, Color Research & Application, 23(1), 52–54.

Polajnar, J., et al. (2015) Manipulating behaviour with substrate-borne vibrations – Potential for insect pest control, Pest Management Science, 71(1), 15–23.

Polilov, A. A. (2012) The smallest insects evolve anucleate neurons, Arthropod Structure & Development, 41(1), 29–34.

Pollack, L. (2012) Historical series: Magnetic sense of birds. Available at: www.ks.uiuc.edu/History/magnetoreception/.

Poole, J. H., et al. (1988) The social contexts of some very low frequency calls of African elephants, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 22(6), 385–392.

Popper, A. N., et al. (2004) Response of clupeid fish to ultrasound: A review, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 61(7), 1057–1061.

Porter, J., et al. (2007) Mechanisms of scent-tracking in humans, Nature Neuroscience, 10(1), 27–29.

Porter, M. L., et al. (2012) Shedding new light on opsin evolution, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279(1726), 3–14.

Porter, M. L., and Sumner-Rooney, L. (2018) Evolution in the dark: Unifying our understanding of eye loss, Integrative and Comparative Biology, 58(3), 367–371.

Potier, S., et al. (2017) Eye size, fovea, and foraging ecology in accipitriform raptors, Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 90(3), 232–242.

Poulet, J. F. A., and Hedwig, B. (2003) A corollary discharge mechanism modulates central auditory processing in singing crickets, Journal of Neurophysiology, 89(3), 1528–1540.

Poulson, S. J., et al. (2020) Naked mole-rats lack cold sensitivity before and after nerve injury, Molecular Pain, 16, 1744806920955103.

Prescott, T. J., Diamond, M. E., and Wing, A. M. (2011) Active touch sensing, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1581), 2989–2995.

Prescott, T. J., and Dьrr, V. (2015) The world of touch, Scholarpedia, 10(4), 32688.

Prescott, T. J., Mitchinson, B., and Grant, R. (2011) Vibrissal behavior and function, Scholarpedia, 6(10), 6642.

Primack, R. B. (1982) Ultraviolet patterns in flowers, or flowers as viewed by insects, Arnoldia, 42(3), 139–146.

Prior, N. H., et al. (2018) Acoustic fine structure may encode biologically relevant information for zebra finches, Scientific Reports, 8(1), 6212.

Proske, U., and Gregory, E. (2003) Electrolocation in the platypus – Some speculations, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative