52Nielsen, p. 16.

53The betyl is orientated at an angle of 251 degrees from north.

54Nielsen, p. 16.

55Ibid.

56Ibid.

57Ibid.

58Ibid. See also Nielsen,

59Glueck, The Other Side of the Jordan, p. 178.

60Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar, an archaeologist and tour guide from Wadi Musa, in March 2002.

61See Robertson Smith, The Religion of the Semites, pp. 201—12, for a full account of the veneration of pillars among the early Semites.

62Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar in March 2002.

63Browning, pp. 46—7.

64Ibid., pp. 108, 210-11.

65Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar in March 2002.

66Browning, p. 48.

67Gunduz, «The Knowledge of Life», JSS 3 (1994), pp. 83, 118-19.

68Ibid.,p. 154.

69Ibid., p. 138.

70Ibid., p. 154.

71Rev. 17: 3–6. For the association between Venus and Babylon see Hislop, The Two Babylons, or the papal worship proved to be the worship of Nimrud and his wife, pp. 5–6. 72Nielsen, p. 21.

73Nielsen, p. 21.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ПЕРВАЯ. ДОМ БОЖИЙ

1See Nielsen, Die altarabische Mondreligion und die mosaische Ueberlieferung 1904, pp. 171—6.

2Num. 20: 22.

3Num. 20: 25–29.

4Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, IV iv, 6–7; IV, vii, 1.

5Ibid., IV, iv, 7.

6Deut. 32: 51-2.

7Deut. 34: 1–5.

8Deut. 52: 50.

9Nielsen, The Site of the Biblical Mount Sinai: A claim for Petra, p. 19.

10This story of Nabi Harun was related to Andrew Collins by Mu» tasim Nawafleh, the head barman of the Petra Forum Hotel, Petra, in March 2002.

11Browning, Petra, p. 172.

12Nielsen, 1928, p. 22; Ex. 24: 9.

13Ex. 24: 10.

14Ex. 24: 15.

15Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar in March 2002.

16Ibid.

17Ibid.

18Ex. 3: 5.

19Phillips, The Moses Legacy.

20Browning, p. 212.

21Ibid., pp. 196-7.

22Nielsen, 1928, pp. 15–16.

23Ibid., pp. 15–16,18-19-

24Ех. 15: 17, trans. Propp, Exodus 1—18: A New Translation with Introduction andCommentary, p. 22.

25Giveon, Les Bedouins Shosou des documents Egyptians, p. 28.

26Ibid., p. 236.

27Habak 3: 3.

28Gen. 36: 11, 15,42.

29Amos 1: 12.

30Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, s.v. «Bozrah», p. 107.

31Jer. 49: 7; Ezek. 25: 13.

32Obad. 8–9.

33Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, s.v. «Phoenicians», ix, p. 893.

34Sanchoniatho, in Philo, as quoted in Cory, Ancient Fragments, p. 4.

35Gen. 25: 25.

36Gen. 25: 27.

37Sanchoniatho, in Philo, as quoted in Cory, p. 5.

38Ibid.

39Ex. 18: 1.

ГЛАВА ДВАДЦАТЬ ВТОРАЯ. ЗАВОЕВАНИЕ ХАНААНА

1Num. 14: 45; 21: 3.

2Num. 21: 1–2.

3Odelain and Seguineau, Dictionary of Proper Names and Places in the Bible, s.v. «Arail, p. 34; s.v. «Hormah», p. 164.

4Num. 21:4.

5Num. 21: 11.

6Finkelstein and Silberman, The Bible Unearthed, p. 64.

7Ibid.

8Num. 21: 4.

9Num. 21: 11.

10Num. 23: 1–6.

11Deut. 34: 1–4.

12Deut. 34: 5.

13Deut. 34: 6.

14Num. 25: 3; Josh. 22: 17–18.

15Num. 25: 1–6; 31: 16. 16Num. 25: 9.

17Num. 32: 39.

18Num. 21: 33-5.

19Num. 22: 2,4.

20Jos. 9: 17–27; 10: 12–13.

21Jos. 10: 28–39.

22Num. 31: 1-12.

23Num. 21: 25.

24Num. 21: 33.

25Jos. 5: 10–15; 6: 1-27.

26Jos. 7: 2–5; 8: 1-29.

27Jos. 11: 10–13.

28Jos. 11: 11–13.

29Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, s.v. «Lachish», p. 413.

30Jos. 10: 31-2.

31Silberman, «Visions of the Future: Albright in Jerusalem», BA 56:1 (1993), pp. 8-16.

32See, for example, Redford, Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times, p. 265.

33See Alt, Essays on Old Testament History and Religion.

34Silberman, 1992, pp. 25—6.

35Mendenhall, «The Hebrew Conquest of Palestine», BA 25:3 (1962), pp. 66–87.

36Ibid., p. 73.

37Ibid.

38See Gottwald, The Tribes ofYahweh.

39Mendenhall, p. 73.

40Ibid.

41Ibid., p. 74.

42Ibid.

43Finkelstein and Silberman, p. 104.

44Mazar, «The «Bull Site» — An Iron Age I Open Cult Place», BASOR 247 (1937), pp. 27–42. See also ibid., p. 109-

45Mazar, p. 30.