Moritz, M. J. (1995). The gay agenda: Marketing hate speech to the mainstream media. In: R. K. Whillock D. Slayden (Eds.). Hate speech (p. 55–79). Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage.

Morley, D. (1988). Domestic relations: The framework of family viewing in Great Britain. In: J. Lull (Ed.). World families watch television (p. 22–48). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Morris, J. S. (1982). Television portrayal and the socialization of the American Indian child. In: G. L. Berry C. Mitchell-Kernan (Eds.). Television and the socialization of the minority child (p. 187–202). New York: Academic Press.

Morris, M., Ogan. C. (1996). The Internet as mass medium. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 39–50. Most Famous Canadian. (1996, February) World Press Review, p. 33.

Mowlana, H. (1984). The role of the media in the U. S.-Iranian conflict. In: A. Arno W. Dissayanake (Eds.). The news media in national and international conflict (p. 71–99). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Mowlana, H., Gerbner, G., Schiller, H. (Eds.). (1993). Triumph of the image: The media's war in the Persian Gulf–A global perspective. Boulder, CO: West-view Press.

Mundorf. N.. Drew, D., Zillmann, D., Weaver, J. (1990). Effects of disturbing news on recall of subsequently presented news. Communication Research, 17, 601–615.

Mundorf, N., Weaver, J., Zillmann, D. (1989). Effects of gender roles and self-perceptions on affective reactions to horror films. Sex Roles, 20, 655–673.

Mutz, D. C., Roberts. D. F, van Vuuren, D. P. (1993). Reconsidering the displacement hypothesis. M Communication Research, 20, 51–75.

Myers, D. G. (1992). Psychology (3rd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.

Myers, P. N., Jr., Biocca, F. A. (1992). The elastic body image: The effect of television advertising and programming on body image distortions in young women. Journal of Communication, 42(3), 108–133. National Television Violence Study (Vols. 1–2.). (1997). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Naughton, J. (1998, January 9). Colleges eye restric­tions on promotions by brewing companies. The Chronicle of Higher Education, p. A57.

Nelson, J. P., Gelfand, D. M., Hartmann, D. R (1969). Children's aggression following competition and exposure to an aggressive model. Child Development, 40, 1085–1097.

Newhagen, J. E., Reeves, B. (1991). Emotion and memory responses for negative political advertising: A study of television commercials used in the 1988 Presidential election. In: F. Biocca (Ed.). Television and political advertising. Vol. J: Psychological processes (p. 197–220). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum Associates.

Newhagen, J. E., Reeves, B. (1992). The evening's bad news: Effects of compelling negative television news images on memory. Journal of Communication, 42(2), 25–41.

Nimmo, D., Savage, R. L. (1976). Candidates and their images. Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear.

Noll, A. M. (1996). Highway of dreams: A critical view along the information superhighway. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum Associates.

O'Bryant, S. L, Corder-Bolz, C. R. (1978). The effects of television on children's stereotyping of women's work roles. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 12, 233–244.

O'Connor, J. J. (1990, February 20). Cartoons teach children, but is the lesson good? New York Times, p. Bl.

Oliver, M. B. (1993). Adolescents' enjoyment of graphic horror. Communication Research, 20, 30–50.

Olson, D. R. (1994). The world on paper. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Olweus, D. (1979). The stability of aggressive reaction patterns in human males: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 852–875.

Paik, H., Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21, 516–546.

Paletz, D. L. (1988). Pornography, politics, and the press: The U. S. attorney general's commission on pornography. Journal of Communication, 38(2), 122–136.

Paletz, D. L., Schmid, A. P. (Eds.). (1992). Terrorism and the media. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Palmgreen, P. (1984). Uses and gratifications: A theoretical perspective. In: R. N. Bostrom (Ed.). Communication yearbook 8 (p. 20–55). Newbury Park , CA : Sage.

Palys, T. S. (1986). Testing the common wisdom: The social content of video pornography. Canadian Psychology, 27, 22–35.

Panitt, M. (1988, June 4). In India , they'll trash a station... or worship an actor. ТУ Guide, 44–45.

Parke. R., Berkowitz, L., Leyens, J., West, S., Sebastian, R. (1977). Some effects of violent and non-violent movies on the behavior of juvenile delinquents. In: L. Berkowitz (Ed.). Advances in social psychology (Vol. 10). New York : Academic Press.

Parks, M. R. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 80–97.

Pechmann, C., Stewart. D. W. (1988). Advertising repetition: A critical review of wear in and wear out. Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 11, 285–329.

Peck, J. (1992). The gods of televangelism: The crisis of meaning and the appeal of religious television. Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press.

Pecora. N. O. (1997). The business of children's entertainment. New York : Guilford .

Penrod, S., Linz , D. (1984). Using psychological research on violent pornography to inform legal change. In: N. M. Malamuth E. Donncrstein (Eds.). Pornography andsexual aggression (p. 247–265). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

Percy, L., Lautman, M. R. (1994). Advertising, weight loss, and eating disorders. In: E. M. Clark, T. C. Brock, D. W. Stewart (Eds.). Attention, attitude, and affect in response to advertising (p. 301–311). Hil-Isdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum Associates.

Percy, L., Rossiter. J. R. (1983). Mediating effects of visual and verbal elements in print advertising upon belief, attitude, and intention responses. In: L. Percy A. Woodside (Eds.). Advertising and consumer psychology (p. 171–186). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Perkins, K. P. (1997, October). It would take a miracle of sorts to save "Nothing Sacred". Manhattan Mercury, p. A7.

Perloff, R. M. (1989). Ego-involvement and the third person effect of television news coverage. Communication Research, 16, 236–262.

Perman, S. (1998. January 26). Thrown for a loss by the NFL. Time. 52–53.

Perse, E. M. (1986). Soap opera viewing patterns of college students and cultivation. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media. 30, 175–193.

Perse, E. M., Rubin, R. B. (1989). Attribution in social and parasocial relationships. Communication Research, 16, 59–77.

Pezdek. K., Hartman, E. F. (1983). Children's tele­vision viewing: Attention and comprehension of auditory versus visual information. Child Development, 54, 1015–1023.