to the Nation’s Most Catastrophic Events (New York, 2008), pp. 182–184.

Вернуться

502

Sarah F. Vanneste, «The Black Death and the Future of Medicine» (unpublished master’s thesis, Wayne State University, 2010), pp. 41, 77.

Вернуться

503

Alexander Lee, «What Machiavelli Knew About Pandemics», New Statesman, June 3, 2020, https://www.newstatesman.com/2020/06/what-machiavelli-knew-about-pandemics.

Вернуться

504

Nancy G Siraisi, Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: An Introduction to Knowledge and Practice (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990); Ismail H. Abdalla, «Diffusion of Islamic Medicine into Hausaland», in The Social Basis of Health and Healing in Africa, ed. Steven Feierman and John M. Janzen (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).

Вернуться

505

Richard Palmer, «The Church, Leprosy, and Plague in Medieval and Early Modern Europe», in The Church and Healing, ed. W. J. Shiels (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1982), p. 96.

Вернуться

506

S. White, «Rethinking Disease in Ottoman History», International Journal of Middle East Studies 42 (2010), p. 554.

Вернуться

507

Manny Rincon Cruz, «Contagion, Borders, and Scale: Lessons from Network Science and History», Hoover History Working Group, June 24, 2020.

Вернуться

508

Gianfranco Gensini, Magdi H. Yacoub, and Andrea A. Conti, «The Concept of Quarantine in History: From Plague to Sars», Journal of Infection 49, no. 4 (November 1, 2004), pp. 257–261; Eugenia Tognotti, «Lessons from the History of Quarantine, from Plague to Influenza A», Emerging Infectious Diseases 19, no. 2 (February 2013), pp. 254–259.

Вернуться

509

От итал. quarantena – сорок дней.

Вернуться

510

Frank M. Snowden, Epidemics and Society: From the Black Death to the Present (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019), p. 70.

Вернуться

511

See John Henderson, Florence Under Siege: Surviving Plague in an Early Modern City (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019).

Вернуться

512

Rincon Cruz, «Contagion, Borders, and Scale».

Вернуться

513

Около 46 метров.

Вернуться

514

Alexander William Kinglake, Eothen, or Traces of Travel Brought Home from the East (New York: D. Appleton, 1899 [1844]), p. 1.

Вернуться

515

A. Wess Mitchell and Charles Ingrao, «Emperor Joseph’s Solution to Coronavirus», Wall Street Journal, April 6, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/emperor-josephs-solutiontocoronavirus-11586214561; Snowden, Epidemics and Society, pp. 72–73; Gunther Rothenberg, «The Austrian Sanitary Cordon and the Control of the Bubonic Plague: 1710–1871», Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 28, no. 1 (1973), pp. 15–23.

Вернуться

516

Simon Schama, «Plague Time: Simon Schama on What History Tells Us», Financial Times, April 10, 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/279dee4a-740b-11ea-95fe-fcd274e920ca.

Вернуться

517

Norman Howard-Jones, «Fracastoro and Henle: A Re-Appraisal of Their Contribution to the Concept of Communicable

Diseases», Medical History 21, no. 1 (1977), pp. 61–68, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300037170; V. Nutton, «The Reception of Fracastoro’s Theory of Contagion: The Seed That Fell Among Thorns?» Osiris 6 (1990), pp. 196–234.

Вернуться

518

Ferguson, Empire, p. 9.

Вернуться

519

Cary P. Gross and Kent A. Sepkowitz, «The Myth of the Medical Breakthrough: Smallpox, Vaccination, and Jenner Reconsidered», International Journal of Infectious Disease 3 (1998), pp. 54–60; S. Riedel, «Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox and Vaccination», Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 18 (2005), pp. 21–25.

Вернуться

520

John D. Burton, «‘The Awful Judgements of God upon the Land’: Smallpox in Colonial Cambridge, Massachusetts», New England Quarterly 74, no. 3, (2001), pp. 495–506. См. также: Elizabeth A. Fenn, Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775-82 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002).

Вернуться

521

Gross and Sepkowitz, «Myth of the Medical Breakthrough», p. 57.

Вернуться

522

Burton, «Awful Judgements of God», p. 499.

Вернуться

523

Edward Edwardes, A Concise History of Small-pox and Vaccination in Europe (London: H. K. Lewis, 1902).

Вернуться

524

Charles E. Rosenberg, The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1987), pp. 66f.

Вернуться