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199
Joeri Cant (22 Oct 2019), «Victim of $24 million SIM swap case writes open letter to FCC chairman,» Cointelegraph, https://cointelegraph.com/news/victim-of-24-million-sim-swap-case-writes-open-letter-to-fcc-chairman.
200
Twitter (18 Jul 2020; updated 30 Jul 2020), «An update on our security incident,» Twitter blog, https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/an-update-on-our-security-incident.
201
Nick Statt (5 Sep 2019), «Thieves are now using AI deepfakes to trick companies into sending them money,» The Verge, https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/5/20851248/deepfakes-ai-fake-audio-phone-calls-thieves-trick-companies-stealing-money.
202
Hugh Schofield (20 Jun 2019), «The fake French minister in a silicone mask who stole millions,» BBC News, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48510027.
203
Drew Harwell (12 Jun 2019), "Top AI researchers race to detect 'deepfake' videos: 'We are outgunned,' " Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/06/12/top-ai-researchers-race-detect-deepfake-videos-we-are-outgunned.
204
Craig Silverman and Lawrence Alexander (3 Nov 2016), «How teens in the Balkans are duping Trump supporters with fake news,» BuzzFeed, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo.
205
Bruce Schneier (3 Apr 2000), «The difference between feeling and reality in security,» Wired, https://www.wired.com/2008/04/securitymatters-0403.
206
Bruce Schneier (17 May 2007), «Virginia Tech lesson: Rare risks breed irrational responses,» Wired, https://www.wired.com/2007/05/securitymatters-0517.
207
Nate Silver (1 Feb 2010), «Better to be strong and wrong – especially when you're actually right,» FiveThirtyEight, https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/better-to-be-strong-and-wrong.
208
Fox News (26 Jan 2017), «The truth about jobs in America,» The O'Reilly Factor (transcript), https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/the-truth-about-jobs-in-america.
209
Audrey Conklin (21 Feb 2022), «Homicides, rapes in Atlanta soar despite other decreasing violent crime,» Fox News, https://www.foxnews.com/us/homicides-rapes-atlanta-soar-2022.
210
Ronn Blitzer (26 Oct 2021), "Top Pentagon official confirms ISIS-K could have capability to attack US in '6 to 12 months,' " Fox News, https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pentagon-official-isis-k-us-attack-6-to-2-months.
211
Tucker Carlson (9 Apr 2021), «Biden wants to take your guns, but leave criminals with theirs,» Fox News, https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/tucker-carlson-biden-gun-control-disarm-trump-voters.
212
Leah Savion (Jan 2009), «Clinging to discredited beliefs: The larger cognitive story,» Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 9, no. 1, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854880.pdf.
213
Sam Dangremond (4 Apr 2019), «Jeff Bezos is renovating the biggest house in Washington, D.C.,» Town and Country, https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/real-estate/news/a9234/jeff-bezos-house-washington-dc.
214
Lee Foster et al. (28 Jul 2020), «'Ghostwriter' influence campaign: Unknown actors leverage website compromises and fabricated content to push narratives aligned with Russian security interests,» Mandiant, https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/07/ghostwriter-influence-campaign.html.
215
Marvin Minsky (1968), «Preface,» in Semantic Information Processing, MIT Press.
216
Patrick Winston (1984), Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley.
217
Футуролог Мартин Форд провел опрос среди 23 выдающихся исследователей ИИ и спросил их, к какому году будет создан общий ИИ, хотя бы с 50 %-ной вероятностью. Ответы варьировались от 2029 до 2200 г., при этом среднее значение составило 2099 г. – то есть «до конца века». См.: Martin Ford (2018), Architects of Intelligence: The Truth About AI from the People Building It, Packt Publishing.
218
Kate Darling (2021), The New Breed: What Our History with Animals Reveals about Our Future with Robots, Henry Holt.
219
Douglas Adams (1978), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, BBC Radio 4.
220
Cade Metz (16 Mar 2016), «In two moves, AlphaGo and Lee Sedol redefined the future,» Wired, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/two-moves-alphago-lee-sedol-redefined-future.
221
George A. Miller (1956), «The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information,» Psychological Review 63, no. 2, http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Miller.
222
J. Fjeld et al. (15 Jan 2020), «Principled artificial intelligence: Mapping consensus in ethical and rights-based approaches to principled AI,» Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society, https://cyber.harvard.edu/publication/2020/principled-ai.
223
Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence (16 Apr 2018), «AI in the UK: Ready, willing and able?» House of Lords, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201719/ldselect/ldai/100/100.pdf.
224
Jeffrey Dastin (10 Oct 2018), «Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that shows bias against women,» Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-jobs-automation-insight/amazon-scraps-secret-ai-recruiting-tool-that-showed-bias-against-women-idUSKCN1MK08G.
225
David Weinberger (accessed 11 May 2022), «Playing with AI fairness,» What-If Tool, https://pair-code.github.io/what-if-tool/ai-fairness.html. David Weinberger (6 Nov 2019), «How machine learning pushes us to define fairness,» Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2019/11/how-machine-learning-pushes-us-to-define-fairness.
226
Joseph Weizenbaum (Jan 1966), «ELIZA: A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine,» Communications of the ACM, https://web.stanford.edu/class/linguist238/p36-weizenabaum.pdf.
227
James Vincent (22 Nov 2019), «Women are more likely than men to say 'please' to their smart speaker,» The Verge, https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/22/20977442/ai-politeness-smart-speaker-alexa-siri-please-thank-you-pew-gender-sur.
228
Clifford Nass, Youngme Moon, and Paul Carney (31 Jul 2006), «Are people polite to computers? Responses to computer-based inter-viewing systems,» Journal of Applied Social Psychology, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559–1816.1999.tb00142.x.
229
Youngme Moon (Mar 2000), «Intimate exchanges: Using computers to elicit self-disclosure from consumers,» Journal of Consumer Research, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/209566?seq=1.
230
Joel Garreau (6 May 2007), «Bots on the ground,» Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-yn/content/article/2007/05/05/AR2007050501009_pf.html.
231
Paul Robinette et al. (Mar 2016), «Overtrust of robots in emergency evacuation scenarios,» 2016 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~alanwags/pubs/Robinette-HRI-2016.pdf.
232
Samantha Bradshaw and Philip N. Howard (2019), «The global disinformation order: 2019 global inventory of organised social media manipulation,» Computational Propaganda Research Project, https://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/93/2019/09/CyberTroop-Report19.pdf.
233
Tom Simonite (22 Jul 2020), «Did a person write this headline, or a machine?» Wired, https://www.wired.com/story/ai-text-generator-gpt-3-learning-language-fitfully.
234
Max Weiss (17 Dec 2019), «Deepfake bot submissions to federal public comment websites cannot be distinguished from human submissions,» Technology Science, https://techscience.org/a/2019121801.
235
Kate Darling (2021), The New Breed: What Our History with Animals Reveals about Our Future with Robots, Henry Holt.
236
Woodrow Hartzog (4 May 2015), «Unfair and deceptive robots,» Maryland Law Review, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2602452.
237
Yaniv Hanoch et al. (17 May 2021), «The robot made me do it: Human – robot interaction and risk-taking behavior,» Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cyber.2020.0148.
238
Karlheinz Meier (31 May 2017), «The brain as computer: Bad at math, good at everything else,» IEEE Spectrum, https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-brain-as-computer-bad-at-math-good-at-everything-else.
239
Samuel Gibbs (28 Jun 2016), «Chatbot lawyer overturns 160,000 parking tickets in London and New York,» Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jun/28/chatbot-ai-lawyer-donotpay-parking-tickets-london-new-york.
240
Amy Gallo (28 Jun 2017), «A refresher on A/B testing,» Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2017/06/a-refresher-on-ab-testing.