с вовлечением всех заинтересованных сторон, включая бенефициаров. Проектированию должен предшествовать этап сбора данных, вовлечение профессионалов в сфере оценки и теории изменений на этапе разработки проекта», — говорит Татьяна Бурмистрова.

ПОДХОД ТЕОРИИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ

Модель SIB с неизбежностью предполагает построение теории изменений для запускаемых проектов. По-другому она просто не будет работать или не будет эффективной.

«В этом-то и состоит ключевое отличие проектов социального воздействия, что модель предусматривает прозрачное измерение социальных результатов и систему оценки», — говорит Бурмистрова.

Правительства многих стран тратят значительное количество ресурсов ежегодно на антикризисные меры поддержки населения, которые, в основном, состоят из прямых социальных выплат. Такие меры помогают большому количеству людей, но не достигают большого прогресса в решении социальных проблем.

В России также наибольшая доля государственных расходов направлена на социальные выплаты населению, а не на реализацию конкретных проектов, направленных на решение причин системных проблем по улучшению жизни граждан. Модель SIB не предназначена для оказания адресной социальной помощи людям, она ориентирована на изменения, в результате которых адресная социальная помощь больше не потребуется. Либо модель SIB может пилотировать внедрение более эффективных инновационных практик, приводящим к существенным улучшениям жизни людей. После успешного пилотирования, т. е. доказанной эффективности, практики могут быть внедрены в государственную систему помощи.

В любом случае, как считают эксперты, модель SIB — это игра вдолгую, которая должна иметь свою логику изменений и мониторинг промежуточных краткосрочных и среднесрочных результатов, которые должны привести к итоговой цели — снижению/ изменению статус-кво проблемы.

The Long Game: Growth Points and Prospects of Social Impact Bonds in Russia

Yuliya Vyatkina

DOI 10.55140/2782-5817-2022-2-2-14-23

Social Impact Bonds (SIB) are a form of social project implementation that brings together players from several sectors of the economy. This market is just emerging in Russia. About 200 million rubles (about $3 million) has been invested in social impact projects so far. After more than three years of SIB trials in Russia, only one project is nearing completion. However, stakeholders and professionals have had numerous discussions on the relevance, advantages and potential of the new model. We decided to ask experts about the prospects, constraints, and growth points for social impact bonds in Russia.

Yuliya Vyatkina

Editor, Positive Changes Magazine

PILOT TESTING

The Russian Government officially signaled the launch of social impact bonds in the country by issuing a decree establishing the pilot testing procedure in the Russian regions for 20192024. VEB.RF has taken on the role of the driver of this instrument in Russia. As the operator of social impact bonds, VEB.RF provides financial examination, assists in project development and determination of key project parameters, assists in preparing the necessary documentation, and organizes end-to-end monitoring of project implementation and an independent evaluation procedure.

In February 2022, the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI) got engaged in the implementation of social impact bonds in Russia. This made ASI one of several SIB operators in Russia.

So far seven SIB projects have been launched in our country in the following top priority areas: education, social protection, health care, and assisted living. At least five more projects are under preparation.

As noted on the website of the Russian Government, the outputs of the pilot testing will come in the form of a portfolio of projects for raising private investment to implement national projects, along with a project-based approach to addressing socially important problems with the involvement of socially oriented non-profit organizations and other contractors funded from nonpublic sources.

SIB — A TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT TOOL?

If we look at the geography of Russian social impact projects, we can see that five of the seven projects are being implemented in the Far East: two in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), two in Primorsky Krai and one in Kamchatka Krai. In recent years, the Government of the Russian Federation has started work on maximizing the favorable investment climate in the Far East. Can SIB projects become a territorial development tool? We turned to the experts with this question.

According to Olga Balabkina, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), SIBs can be used for that purpose, because they are implemented in various sectors of the social sphere — from education and healthcare to employment and social protection or social services. That is, they are aimed at improving the quality of life, which directly affects the level of development of production and technology in the region. However, it is still too early to say whether SIBs will fuel territorial development in Yakutia.

"First, the two projects currently underway have not yet been completed; there is no final conclusion on the efficiency of this tool. Second, successful completion of a SIB project alone is not enough. It requires further replication and scaling", Olga Balabkina says.

According to her, the current social impact project in the field of education, which is implemented in Khangalassky district of Yakutia covers more than 5,000 children and 700 teachers from 27 schools of the district. According to preliminary calculations, the project has improved the children's overall educational performance by 10 % compared to previous years. Test results show an increase in the basic knowledge of eighth and tenth grade students of up to 29 percent in Russian language and up to 10 percent in mathematics. The number of winners in the regional stage of the All-Russian School Olympics increased from 5 to 11 children. Once we see the final testing results in Russian language and mathematics at the end of the academic year 2021/2022, we will be able to calculate the final figures of the social effect. A lot of work is planned for the last stage of the project: «packaging», evaluating and transferring the practices developed to the government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), represented by the Ministry of Education and Science.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, which comes third in the Ratings of Social and Economic Status of Russian Regions (RIA Rating, 2021), has been discussing the opportunity to launch social impact bonds in its territory