Шрифт:
Интервал:
Закладка:
Психологическая наука предлагает также диагностический инструментарий, который позволяет измерять личностные ресурсы, воспринимаемую поддержку, жизненную позицию, субъективное благополучие. Анна Хегай приводит следующие индикаторы, связанные с благополучием, которые можно измерить до и после реализации социально-психологических проектов и программ:
1) Резильентность (способность к восстановлению и росту после стресса).
2) Жизнестойкость (вовлеченность, принятие риска, контроль).
3) Чувство связанности (постижимость, управляемость, осмысленность жизни).
4) Оптимизм.
5) Самооценка.
6) Самоэффективность (вера в свою способность справляться).
7) Толерантность к неопределенности.
8) Самоконтроль.
Как отмечает Анна Хегай, включение соответствующих опросников (например, тесты жизнестойкости, шкала удовлетворенности базовых потребностей, скрининг тревоги и депрессии, опросник восприятия будущего) в проведение оценки социальных проектов и программ позволяет получить новый важный пласт знаний об их воздействии.
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
Как показала конференция АСОПП 2023 года, подходы к оценке благополучия и счастья многообразны и очень интересны. Как отмечают эксперты, при их использовании важно, чтобы субъективный и объективный подходы использовались в комплексе, гармонично дополняя друг друга. Оценка эффективности каждого из этих подходов требует разработки собственного инструментария. При этом, участники конференции неоднократно отметили, что разного рода аналитические инструменты, используемые в рамках обоих подходов, помогают принимать управленческие решения, основанные на данных.
Говоря о других сессиях конференции АСОПП, большое внимание участников привлекли сессии трека «Оценка социокультурных проектов» — по данным организаторов, в них приняли участие более 150 человек. Доклады, представленные в рамках трека, были посвящены опыту как больших фондов, поддерживающих культурные проекты, которым нужно оценивать результаты своих программ, так и небольших НКО, которые оценивают свои проекты.
В следующих выпусках журнала «Позитивные изменения» мы подробно раскроем некоторые темы докладов, звучавших на конференции. Посмотреть записи всех сессий конференции можно в группе АСОПП во ВКонтакте[15] и на странице ассоциации в YouTube[16].
What’s Your Happiness Index? A Glimpse into the Annual Conference of the Association of Specialists in Program and Policy Evaluation
Yulia Vyatkina
DOI 10.55140/2782–5817–2023–3–4–12–23
One of the pivotal events of this autumn for Russian professionals engaged in the field of evaluation is the annual conference hosted by the Association of Specialists in Program and Policy Evaluation. The central theme of the 2023 conference was assessing the quality of life and well-being. In this piece, we explore the experiences and practices shared by conference participants regarding the implementation and application of monitoring and evaluation in the social sphere.
Yulia Vyatkina
Editor, Positive Changes Journal
SHIFTING THE SPOTLIGHT TO HAPPINESS
The IX conference of the Russian Association of Specialists in Program and Policy Evaluation (ASPPE) took place online on October 17–18, 2023. This year’s conference featured 42 presentations and hosted 14 thematic and discussion sessions. The event drew over 500 attendees from all corners of Russia, spanning from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in the Far East to Kaliningrad in the West and Makhachkala in the South, the organizers say.
The conference program encompassed two main tracks: “Wellbeing-Focused Evaluation” and “Evaluation of Sociocultural Projects,” in addition to thematic segments dedicated to evaluation in specific domains — such as social entrepreneurship, working with children with special developmental needs, individuals with disabilities, and various forms of chronic illnesses. As usual, several sessions were also devoted to evaluation methodologies.
“The program was exceptionally rich, packed with engaging and substantive presentations. The relevance of the issues on the table and the profound discussions surrounding them underscore that interest in evaluation remains unwavering. I believe that thanks to our speakers and partners, whom I’d like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to, the conference offered an opportunity for all participants to expand their knowledge, enhance their professional competencies, delve into existing practices, and introduce their real-world working experiences to colleagues. In my view, this event holds great significance and utility, nurturing a sense of unity within the evaluation community and inspiring fresh achievements,” remarked Anna Lygina, President ASPPE.
The Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, which is responsible for evaluating the implementation of state programs and policies, among other things, has been an active participant in the conference for several years. In recent times, this regulatory body has been actively championing an evidence-based approach.
“In 2021–2022, we organized an extensive competition for government and municipal employees to encourage the adoption of an evidencebased approach in decision-making.[17] In 2023, in collaboration with the Financial University, we are hosting a research project competition for undergraduate and graduate students.[18] We aspire to cultivate a community of individuals passionate about evaluation among students, researchers, and decision-makers,” stated Anastasia Kim, Deputy Head of Inspection at the Research and Methodology Department of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, during the ASPPE conference’s opening session.
The central theme of this year’s conference revolved around the evaluation of quality of life and well-being. As early as the 1960s, researchers began to conclude that gross domestic product (GDP) and the standard of living were not the ideal indicators to describe society’s life and individual well-being. That is how the concept of “quality of life” emerged, oriented toward a comprehensive assessment of various aspects of societal life, including non-material ones.[19]
In 1972, the concept of Gross National Happiness was introduced by the King of Bhutan in place of the commonly used GDP. This immediately elevated a small South Asian nation to become a trailblazer among countries making happiness the cornerstone of national policy. In 2008, the kingdom developed the corresponding tool — the Gross National Happiness Index. Happiness indices have since been calculated for various countries. One example is the World Happiness Report, published by the UN’s Sustainable Development Solutions Network.[20] According to the 2023 report, Russia ranks 70th out of 137 countries in terms of happiness, with Finland, Denmark, and Iceland leading the chart.
THROUGH THE PRISM OF HAPPINESS AND WELL-BEING: AN OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Approaches to assessing the quality of life, well-being, and