URL: https://www.cfr.org/blog/facebook-one-million-takedowns-day-evidence-failure-not-success.

549

главную мысль текста: Verordnung (EU) 2016/679 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates // Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union. 2016. April 27. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679.

550

настройках конфиденциальности: Kleinz T. Facebook gestaltet Einstellungen für Privatsphäre und Datenschutz neu // Heise Online. 2018. January 29. URL: https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Facebook-gestaltet-Einstellungen-fuer-Privatsphaere-und-Datenschutz-neu-3953257.html.

551

незадолго до него: Sullivan M. Facebook should never have been allowed to buy Instagram, Silicon Valley rep says // Fast Company. 2019. January 25. URL: https://www.fastcompany.com/90297261/facebook-should-never-have-been-allowed-to-buy-instagram-silicon-valley-rep-says.

552

работу компании: Bundeskartellamt untersagt Facebook die Zusammenführung von Nutzerdaten aus verschiedenen Quellen // Bundeskartellamt. 2019. February 7. URL: https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2019/07_02_2019_Facebook.html; Facebook muss das Datensammeln stoppen // tagesschau.de. 2020. June 23. URL: https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/bundesgerichtshof-facebook-101.html.

553

создает новые проблемы для Meta: Nordhardt M.-M. Das Facebook-Urteil und was es bedeutet // tagesschau.de. 2020. July 16. URL: https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/eugh-facebook-datenschutz-103.html.

554

социальных сетей в Европе: Duffy F. Digital Markets Act (DMA): Eine Chance, die wir nutzen sollten // Lobby Control. 2021. May 31. URL: https://www.lobbycontrol.de/2021/05/digital-markets-act-dma-eine-chance-die-wir-nutzen-sollten/.

555

против ограничения конкуренции: https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/2021-05/böll.brief%2015_Grüne-Ordnungspolitik_Die-Fesselung-der-Tech-Giganten.pdf.

556

семь лет назад: Open Science Collaboration. Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science // Science. 2015. № 349 (6251). P. aac4716.

557

прозрачности научного процесса: Montag C. Ressourcenknappheit und die Bedeutsamkeit des Schutzes der Privatsphäre von Studienteilnehmer_innen als mögliche Hindernisse bei der Umsetzung von Open-Science-Maßnahmen // Sucht. 2021. № 67 (4). P. 4–6.

558

по данным такого рода: Gymrek M. et al. Identifying personal genomes by surname inference // Science. 2013. № 339 (6117). P. 321–324; Lunshof J.E. et al. From genetic privacy to open consent // Nature Reviews Genetics. 2008. № 9 (5). P. 406–411; Prior F.W. et al. Facial recognition from volume-rendered magnetic resonance imaging data // IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine. 2008. № 13 (1). P. 5–9.

559

рекламе в интернете: Bruell A. Political Ad Spending Will Approach $10 Billion in 2020, New Forecast Predicts // The Wall Street Journal. 2019. June 4. URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/political-ad-spending-will-approach-10-billion-in-2020-new-forecast-predicts-11559642400.

560

недостоверной информации: Stewart E. Facebook’s political ads policy is predictably turning out to be a disaster // Vox. 2019. October 30. URL: https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/10/30/20939830/facebook-false-ads-california-adriel-hampton-elizabeth-warren-aoc.

561

опасной лжи: Lindner R. Twitter hat richtig entschieden // Frankfurter Allgemeine. 2021. January 10. URL: https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/digitec/donald-trump-gesperrt-twitter-hat-richtig-entschieden-17139130.html.

562

редакционную статью в The New York Times: Ovide S. Who Should Make the Online Rules? // The New York Times. 2021. January 11. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/11/technology/twitter-facebook-parler-rules.html.

563

Николас Диас и его коллеги: Dias N. et al. Emphasizing publishers does not effectively reduce susceptibility to misinformation on social media // Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. 2020. № 1 (1).

564

делает на него ставку: https://www.fr.de/politik/donald-trump-2024-usa-praesident-wahlen-steve-bannon-comeback-90178666.html.

565

по повышению медиаграмотности: Guess A.M. et al. A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020. № 117 (27). P. 15536–15545.

566

под руководством Гордона Пенникука: Pennycook G. et al. Fighting COVID-19 misinformation on social media: Experimental evidence for a scalable accuracy-nudge intervention // Psychological Science. 2020. № 31 (7). P. 770–780.

567

поток фальшивых новостей: Приятно видеть, что Facebook воплощает похожую инициативу: https://about.fb.com/de/news/2020/07/neue-facebook-kampagne-hilft-falschmeldungen-zu-erkennen/.

568

повышается: Pennycook G. et al. Shifting attention to accuracy can reduce misinformation online // Nature. 2021. № 592. P. 590–595.

569

более консервативных убеждений: Bozdag E. et al. Breaking the filter bubble: democracy and design // Ethics and Information Technology. 2015. № 17 (4). P. 249–265.

570

с более негативным самоощущением: Duradoni M. et al. Well-Being and Social Media: A Systematic Review of Bergen Addiction Scales // Future Internet. 2020. № 12 (2). P. 24.

571

очень незначительными: Kross E. et al. Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults // PloS one. 2013. № 8 (8). P. e69841; Orben A. et al. The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use // Nature Human Behaviour. 2019. № 3 (2). P. 173–182; Tromholt M. The Facebook experiment: Quitting Facebook leads to higher levels of well-being // Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2016. № 19 (11). P. 661–666.

572

но не у него: Feinstein B.A. et al. Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism // Psychology of Popular Media Culture. 2013. № 2 (3). P. 161–170.

573

кроме автора: Griffin A. Instagram to try banning likes everywhere as test rolls out globally // Independent. 2019. November 14. URL: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/instagram-likes-ban-test-update-app-features-a9203256.html.

574

В ноябре 2021 года Дорси ушел с поста гендиректора, а в 2022 году полностью покинул Twitter Inc.

575

на количестве подписчиков»: Gilchrist K. Jack Dorsey reveals his big Twitter regret // CNBC. 2019. April 24. URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/25/jack-dorsey-reveals-his-big-twitter-regret.html. Оригинальная цитата: «If I had to start the service again, I would not emphasize the “follower” count as much. I would not emphasize the “like” count as much».

576

сам пользователь: Peterka-Bonetta J. et al. How objectively measured Twitter and Instagram use relate to self-reported personality and tendencies toward Internet/Smartphone Use Disorder // Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 2021. № 3 (5). P. 898–911.

577

омогать людям общатьс: Domonoske C. We’re Spending Less Time On Facebook, And Mark Zuckerberg Says That’s Great // NPR. 2018. February 1. URL: https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/01/582469706/were-spending-less-time-on-facebook-and-mark-zuckerberg-says-that-s-great?t=1594296783276. Оригинальная цитата: «Let me be clear: Helping people connect is more important than maximizing the