in East Asia extended to 10,000 years ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 10618:7367–7372.

Lukas, D., and T. Clutton-Brock. 2012. Life histories and the evolution of cooperative breeding in mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 279:4065–4070.

Lupfer, G., J. Frieman, and D. L. Coonfield. 2003. Social transmission of flavour preferences in social and non-social hamsters. Journal of Comparative Psychology 117:449–455.

Lupfer-Johnson, G., and J. Ross. 2007. Dogs acquire food preferences from interacting with recently fed conspecifics. Behavioural Processes 10:104–106.

Lynch, M. 1990. The rate of morphological evolution in mammals from the standpoint of the neutral expectation. American Naturalist 136(6):727–741.

Lyons, D. E., D. H. Damrosch, J. K. Lin, D. M. Macris, and F. C. Keil. 2011. The scope and limits of over-imitation in the transmission of artefact culture. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 366:1158–1167.

Lyons, D. E., A. G. Young, and F. C. Keil. 2007. The hidden structure of overimitation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104(5):19751–19756.

MacLean, E. L., B. Hare, C. L. Nunn, E. Addessi, F. Amici, R. Anderson, F. Aureli, et al. 2014. The evolution of self-control. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 111:2140–2148.

Macphail, E. M. 1982. Brain and Intelligence in Vertebrates. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.

Macphail, E. M., and J. J. Bolhuis. 2001. The evolution of intelligence: adaptive specializations versus general process. Biological Review of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 76:341–364.

Madden, J. R., C. Dingle, J. Isden, J. Sarfeld, A. Goldizen, and J. A. Endler. 2012. Male spotted bowerbirds propagate fruit for use in the sexual display. Current Biology 22: R264–R265.

Magalon, H., E. Patin, F. Austerlitz, T. Hegay, A. Aldashev, L. Quintana-Murci, and E. Heyer. 2008. Population genetic diversity of the NAT2 gene supports a role of acetylation in human adaptation to farming in Central Asia. European Journal of Human Genetics 16:243–251.

Magurran, A. E., and B. H. Seghers. 1994. A cost of sexual harassment in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 258:89–92.

Marino, L. 2006. Absolute brain size: Did we throw the baby out with the bathwater? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103:13563–13564.

Marler, P. 1952. Variations in the song of the chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs. Ibis 94:458–472.

Marler, P., and S. S. Peters. 1989. The Comparative Psychology of Audition: Perceiving Complex Sounds, ed. S. Hulse and R. Dooling. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 243–273.

Marler, P., and M. Tamura. 1964. Culturally transmitted patterns of vocal behavior in sparrows. Science 146:1483–1486.

Marlowe, F. 2001. Male contribution to diet and female reproductive success among foragers. Current Anthropology 42:755–760.

Marshall-Pescini, S., and A. Whiten. 2008. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and the question of cumulative culture: an experimental approach. Animal Cognition 11:449–456.

Martinez del Rio, C. 1993. Do British tits drink milk or just skim the cream? British Birds 86:321–322.

Masataka, N. 2003. The Onset of Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Mason, J. R. 1988. Direct and observational learning by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoneniceus): the importance of complex stimuli. In: Social Learning: Psychological and Biological Perspectives, ed. B. G. Galef Jr. and T. R. Zentall. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 99–117.

Matsuoka, Y., Y. Vigouroux, M. M. Goodman, G. J. Sanchez, E. Buckler, and J. Doebley. 2002. A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99:6080–6084.

Matzel, L. D., Y. R. Han, H. S. Grossman, M. S. Karnik, D. Patel, N. Scott, S. M. Specht, and C. C. Gandhi. 2003. Individual differences in the expression of a 'general' learning ability in mice. Journal of Neuroscience 23:6423–6433.

Maynard-Smith, J. 1982. Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Maynard-Smith, J. 1991. Honest signalling: the Phillip Sidney game. Animal Behaviour 42:1034–1035.

MacDonald, K. 2007. Cross-cultural comparison of learning in human hunting. Human Nature 18:386–402.

McBrearty, S., and A. S. Brooks. 2000. The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behaviour. Journal of Human Evolution 39:453–563.

McDonagh, D. 1976. The Complete Guide to Modern Dance. New York, NY: Doubleday.

McFadyen-Ketchum, S. A., and R. H. Porter. 1989. Transmission of food preferences in spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) via nose–mouth interaction. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 24:59–62.

McGrew, W. C. 1992. Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

McGrew, W. C., and C.E.G. Tutin. 1978. Evidence for a social custom in wild chimpanzees? Man 13:234–251.

McManus, I. C. 1985. Handedness, language dominance and aphasia. Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement 8:3–40.

McPherron, S. P., Z. Alemseged, C. W. Marean, J. G. Wynn, D. Reed, D. Geraads, R. Bobe, et al. 2010. Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 466:857–860.

Melis, A., B. Hare, and M. Tomasello. 2006. Engineering cooperation in chimpanzees: tolerance constraints on cooperation. Animal Behaviour 72:276–286.

Mellars, P. 1996. The Neanderthal Legacy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Menzel, E. W., and C. R. Menzel. 1979. Cognitive, developmental and social aspects of responsiveness to novel objects in a family group of marmosets (Saguinus fusicollis). Behaviour 70:251–279.

Mery, F., S. Varela, E. Danchin, S. Blanchet, D. Parejo, I. Coolen, and R. Wagner. 2009. Public versus personal information for mate copying in an invertebrate. Current Biology 19:730–734.

Mesoudi, A. 2008. An experimental simulation of the 'copy-successful-individuals' cultural learning strategy: adaptive landscapes, producer-scrounger dynamics, and informational access costs. Evolution and Human Behavior 29:350–363.

Mesoudi, A 2011. Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian Theory Can Explain Human Culture and Synthesize the Social Sciences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Mesoudi, A., and M. J. O'Brien. 2008. The cultural transmission of Great Basin projectile point technology II: an agent-based computer simulation. American Antiquity 73(4):627–644.

Mesoudi, A., A. Whiten, and K. N. Laland. 2004. Is human cultural evolution Darwinian? Evidence reviewed from the perspective of The Origin of Species. Evolution 58:1–11.

Mesoudi, A., A. Whiten, and K. N. Laland. 2006. Towards a unified science of cultural evolution. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 29:329–347.

Michel, J. B., Y. K. Shen, A. P. Aiden, A. Veres, M. K. Gray, The Google Books Team, J. P. Pickett, et al. 2011. Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books. Science 331(6014):176–182.

Milbrath, C. 2013. Socio-cultural selection and the sculpting of the human genome: cultures' directional forces on evolution and development. New Ideas in Psychology 31:390–406.

Milinski, M. 1994. Long-term memory for food patches and implications for ideal free distributions in sticklebacks. Ecology 75:1150–1156.

Milinski, M., D. Kulling, and R. Kettler. 1990. Tit for tat: sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) 'trusting' a cooperating partner. Behavioral Ecology 1:7–11.

Miller, G. 2001. The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature. New York, NY: Anchor Books.

Mineka, S., and M. Cook. 1988. Social learning and the acquisition of snake fear in monkeys. In: Social Learning: Psychological and Biological Perspectives, ed. B. G. Galef Jr. and T. R. Zentall. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 51–73.

Mineka, S., and R. Zinbarg. 2006. A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders: it's not what you thought it was. American Psychologist 61:10–26.

Mineka, S., M. Davidson, M. Cook, and R. Keir. 1984. Observational conditioning of snake fear in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 93:355–372.

Minsky, M. 1967. Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.