18 Ibid.

19 https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/175483/umfrage/pro-kopfverbrauch-von-zucker-in-deutschland/. Abgerufen August 2018.

20 https://www.bernerzeitung.ch/schweiz/standard/wir-essen-taeglichrund-dreissig-wuerfel-zucker/story/20724828. Abgerufen August 2018.

21 Menotti, A. et al., Food intake patterns and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: Cross-cultural correlations in the Seven Countries Study. The Seven Countries Study Research Group. Eur J Epidemiol 15(6): 507 – 515, 1999.

22 Gornall, Jonathan, Sugar’s web of influence 2: Biasing the science. BMJ 350: h215, 2015.

23 Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2015 Dietary Guidelines. http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/. Abgerufen August 2018.

24 Teichholz, Big fat surprise.

25 Ibid.

26 Ibid.

27 Repa, Joyce J./Mangelsdorf, David J., Nuclear receptor regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 10: 557 – 563, 1999.

28 Worm, Nicolai, Natürlich Low-Carb: Warum die kohlenhydratarme Ernährung für den modernen Menschen optimal ist und Zivilisationskrankheiten gar nicht erst entstehen lässt. München: Riva Verlag 2016.

29 McNamara, D. J. et al., Heterogeneity of cholesterol homeostasis in man: response to changes in dietary fat quality and cholesterol quantity. J Clin Invest 79: 1729 – 1739, 1987.

30 Bosner, Matthew S. et al., Percent cholesterol absorption in normal women and men quantified with dual stable isotopic tracers and negative ion mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 40: 302 – 8, 1999.

31 McNamara, D. J., Cholesterol intake and plasma cholesterol: an update. J Am Coll Nutr 16: 530 – 534, 1997.

32 Bolton-Smith, C. et al., Dietary and non-dietary predictors of serum total and HDL-cholesterol in men and women: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study. Int J Epidemiol 20: 95 – 104, 1991. 395

33 Millen, B. E. et al., Diet and plasma lipids in women. I. Macronutrients and plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women: the Framingham nutrition studies. J Clin Epidmiol 49: 657 – 63, 1996.

34 Hu, F. B. et al., A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. JAMA 281: 1387 – 1394, 1999.

35 Howell, W. H. et al., Plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to dietary fat and cholesterol: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 65: 1747 – 1764, 1997.

36 Godfrey, Lisa et al., Arginine-directed glycation and decreased HDL plasma concentration and functionality. Nutrition and Diabetes 4 (9): 1 – 9, 2014.

37 Parks, E., Changes in fat synthesis influenced by dietary macronutrient content. Proc Nutr Soc 61 (2): 281 – 286, 2002.

38 Krauss, R. M., Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and diet-gene interactions. J Nutr 131 (2): 340 – 343, 2001.

39 Reaven, Gerald, Insulin resistance and coronary heart disease in nondiabetic individuals. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 32 (8): 1754 – 1759, 2012.

40 Guyenet, Stephan, Does dietary saturated fat increase blood cholesterol? An informal review of observational studies. 2011, siehe http://wholehealthsource.blogspot.com/2011/01/does-dietary-saturatedfat-increase.html. Zitiert nach Hyman, Mark, Iss Fett, werde schlank. München: RIVA Verlag.

41 Abramson, John D. et al., Should people at low risk of cardiovascular disease take a statin? BMJ 347: f6123, 2013.

42 American Heart Association, Monounsaturated fat. Siehe http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/HealthyEating/Monounsaturated-Fats_UCM_301460_Article.jsp. Abgerufen August 2018.

43 Ballard, K. D. et al., Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, microvascular function, and cellular adhesion markers in individuals taking statins. Nutr Res 33 (11): 905 – 912, 2015.

44 Wood, Richard J. et al., Effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on emerging plasma markers for cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab 3: 19, 2006.

45 Gardner, C. D. et al., Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. JAMA 297 (9): 969 – 977, 2007. 396

46 Accurso, Anthony et al., Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Nutr Metab 5: 9, 2008.

47 Page, K. A. et al., Circulating glucose levels modulate neural control of desire for high-calorie foods in humans. J Clin Invest 121 (10): 4161 – 4169, 2011.

48 Nagao, K./Yanagita, T., Medium-chain fatty acids: functional lipids for the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Pharmacol Res 61 (3): 208 – 212, 2010.

49 Dehghan, M. et al., Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 390 (10107): 2050 – 2062, 2017.

50 Calder, P. C., Functional roles of fatty acids and their effects on human health. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 39 (1 Suppl.): 18S – 32S, 2015.

51 May, A. L. et al., Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among US adolescents, 1999 – 2008. Pediatrics 129 (6): 1035 – 1041, 2012.

52 Faghihnia, N. et al., Effects of dietary saturated fat on LDL subclasses and apolipoprotein CIII in men. Eur J Clin Nutr 66 (11): 1229 – 1233, 2012.

53 Chowdbury, R. et al., Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 160 (6): 398 – 406, 2014.

54 Hyman, Iss Fett, werde schlank, S. 201.

55 Cordain, L. et al., Fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 56 (3): 181 – 191, 2002.

56 American Heart Association, Monosaturated fat. Siehe http://heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/HEalthyEating/Monounsaturated-Fats_UCM_301460_Article.jsp. Abgerufen August 2018.

57 University of Maryland Medical System, Omega-3 fatty acids. Siehe http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplment/omega-3-fattyacids. Abgerufen August 2018.

58 Pawlak, D. B. et al., Effects of dietary glycaemic index on adiposity, glucose homoeostasis, and plasma lipids in animals. Lancet 364 (9436): 778 – 785, 2004.

59 Adam, Olaf, Diät und Rat bei Rheuma und Osteoporose: Rezepte gegen Entzündung und Schmerz. Weil der Stadt: Hädecke 2005. 397

60 https://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/343/fuer_die_anreicherung_von_lebensmitteln_mit_omega_3_fettsaeuren_empfiehlt_das_bfr_die_festsetzung_von_hoechstmengen.pdf. Abgerufen August 2018.

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62 Devi, K. P. et al., Molecular targets of omega-3 fatty acids for cancer therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 15 (7): 888 – 895, 2015.

63 Witte, Theodore R./Hardman, W. Elaine, The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on mammary carcinogenesis. Lipids 50 (5): 437 – 446, 2015.

64 Lin, Pao-Hwa et al., Nutrition, dietary interventions and prostate cancer: the latest evidence. BMC Med 13: 3, 2015.

65 https://www.dge.de/wissenschaft/weitere-publikationen/fachinformationen/trans-fettsäuren. Abgerufen September 2018.

66 US