S. L., Merritt R. W. 50Years Later, Insect Evidence Overturns Canada’s Most Notorious Case – Regina v. Steven Truscott // Forensic Science International 301. August 2019. P. 326–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. forsciint.2019.04.032.

Van Niekerken B. The Medfly Invasion: How a Tiny Insect Upended Bay Area Life Decades Ago // San Francisco Chronicle, September 19, 2017, updated November 25, 2018.

www.sfchronicle.com/chronicle_vault/article/The-medfly-invasion-How-a-tiny-insect-upended-12205233.php (accessed May 15, 2020).

Van Swinderen B., Andretic R. Dopamine in Drosophila: Setting Arousal Thresholds in a Miniature Brain.” Proceedings of Biological Science 278. 2011. P. 906–913.

Vargas-Terán M., Hofmann H. C., Tweddle N. E. Impact of Screwworm Eradication Programmes Using the Sterile Insect Technique // In Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management / Ed. V. A. Dyck, J. Hendrichs, A. S. Robinson. New York: Springer, 2005. P. 629–650.

Vinauger C. et al. Modulation of Host Learning in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes // Current Biology 28, no. 3. February 5, 2018. P. 333–344. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.015.

Vogel S. Flickering Bodies: Floral Attraction by Movement // Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 72. January 2001. P. 89–154.

Wake M. H. Amphibian Locomotion in Evolutionary Time // Zoology 100. 1997/ P. 141–151.

Waldbauer G. What Good Are Bugs? Insects in the Web of Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Wandersee J. H., Schussler E. E. Preventing Plant Blindness // American Biology Teacher 61. 1999. P. 82–86.

Wangberg J. K. Six-Legged Sex: The Erotic Lives of Bugs. Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 2001.

Wee S. L., Tana S. B., Jürgens A. Pollinator Specialization in the Enigmatic Rafflesia cantleyi: A True Carrion Flower with Species-Specific and Sex-Biased Blow Fly Pollinators // Phytochemistry 153. September 2018. P. 120–128. https:// d oi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.06.005.

Weeks E. N. I. et al. Effects of Four Commercial Fungal Formulations on Mortality and Sporulation in House Flies (Musca domestica) and Stable Flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) // Medical and Veterinary Entomology 31, no. 1. March 2017. P. 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12201.

Weisberger M. How Much Do You Poop in Your Lifetime? // LiveScience, March 21, 2018. www. livescience.com/61966-how-much-you-poop-in-lifetime.html (accessed May 15, 2020).

Weiss H. B. Insects and Pain // The Canadian Entomologist 46, no. 8. August 1914. P. 269–271. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent46269–8.

Welsh J. World’s Tiniest Fly May Decapitate Ants, Live in Their Heads // Live Science, July 2, 2012. www. livescience.com/21326-smallest-fly-decapitates-ants. html.

Wheeler Q. New to Nature № 88: Euryplatea nanaknihali: A Parasitoid Discovered in Thailand Is the World’s Smallest Fly // The Guardian, October 13, 2012. www.theguardian.com/science/2012/oct/14/euryplatea-nanaknihali-new-to-nature.

Whitman W. B., Coleman D. C., Wiebe W. J. Prokaryotes: The Unseen Majority // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95, no. 12. June 9, 1998. P. 6578–6583. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.12. 6578.

Whitworth T. L. Blow Flies home page. http://www. blowflies.net/ (accessed July 22, 2019).

Wigglesworth V. B. Do Insects Feel Pain? // Antenna 4. 1980. P. 8–9.

Winegard T. C. The Mosquito: A Human History of Our Deadliest Predator. New York: Dutton, 2019.

Witze A. Flying Insects Tell Tales of Long-Distance Migrations: Well-Timed Travel Ensures Food and Breeding Opportunities // Science News, April 5, 2018. www. sciencenews.org/article/flying-insects-tell-tales-long-distance-migrations?utm_source=email&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=latest-newsletter-v2.

Wohlleben P. The Inner Life of Animals: Love, Grief, and Compassion – Surprising Observations of a Hidden World. Vancouver: Greystone Books, 2017.

Malaria: Insecticide Resistance / World Health Organization. Last updated February 19, 2020. www.who.int/malaria/areas/vector_control/insecticide_resistance/en (accessed May 15, 2020).

The Top 10 Causes of Death // May 24, 2018. www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death.

Vector Resistance to Pesticides: Fifteenth Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control [meeting held in Geneva from 5 to 12 March 1991]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/37432.

Wu X., Sun S. The Roles of Beetles and Flies in Yak Dung Removal in an Alpine Meadow of Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau // Écoscience 17, no. 2 (June 2010): 146–55. https://doi.org/10.2980/17–2–3319.

Wulf A. The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World. New York: Vintage, 2016.

Yarali A. et al. Pain Relief’ Learning in Fruit Flies // Animal Behaviour 76, no. 4. October 2008. P. 1173–1185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.025.

Yin J. C. P. et al. CREB as a Memory Modulator: Induced Expression of a dCREB 2 Activator Isoform Enhances Long-Term Memory in Drosophila // Cell 81, no. 1. April 7, 1995. P. 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092–8674(95)90375–5.

Yong E. Scientists Genetically Engineered Flies to Ejaculate Under Red Light // The Atlantic, April 19, 2018. www. theatlantic.com/science/archive/ 2018/04/scientists-genetically-engineered-flies-to-ejaculate-under-red-light/ 558320/.

Young A. M. The Chocolate Tree: A Natural History of Cacao, rev. ed. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2007.

Yurkovic A. et al. Learning and Memory Associated with Aggression in Drosophila melanogaster // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, no. 46. November 14, 2006. P. 17519–17524. https:// d oi.org/10.1073/pnas.0608211103.

Zahavi A. Mate Selection – a Selection for a Handicap // Journal of Theoretical Biology 53, no. 1. September 1975. P. 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022–5193(75)90111–3.

Zeldovich L. New Study Finds Insects Speak in Different ‘Dialects.’ / JSTOR Daily, July 31, 2018. https://daily.jstor.org/new-study-finds-insects-speak-in-different-dialects (accessed May 15, 2020).

Zimmer C. Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Nature’s Most Dangerous Creatures. New York: Free Press, 2000.

These Animal Migrations Are Huge – and Invisible // The New York Times, June 13, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/science/animals-migration-insects.html.

Zivkovic B. Stumped by Bed Nets, Mosquitoes Turn Midnight Snack into Breakfast // Scientific American, October 3, 2012. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/a-blog-around-the-clock/stumped-by-bed-nets-mosquitoes-turn-midnight-snack-into-breakfast/.

Zlomislic D. Fields of Dreams // The Star (Toronto), June 20, 2019.

https://projects.thestar.com/climate-change-canada/saskatchewan/(accessed August 4, 2020).

Zwarts L., Versteven M., Callaerts P. Genetics and Neurobiology of Aggression in Drosophila // Fly 6, no. 1. January—March 2012. P. 35–48. https://doi.org/10.4161/fly.19249.

Фотографии

Бой самцов нериид с Маврикия (© Stephen Marshall)

emp1

Кусачая мошка «подключилась» к вене крыла кружевницы и питается гемолимфой (кровью насекомого) (© Stephen Marshall)

emp1

Подробная карта части мозга плодовой мушки, содержащей около 25 000 нейронов, между которыми может существовать около 20 млн взаимосвязей (© Janelia Research Campus/FlyEM)

emp1

Самец большеглазки, чье голоптическое зрение позволяет ему заметить самку (или врага) практически под любым углом (© Katja Schulz)

emp1

Комар из Эквадора с кистевидными украшениями на ногах пытается укусить человека в губу (© Stephen Marshall)

emp1

Ктыри ловят добычу крупнее себя, но эта муха из Сингапура поедает крошечного собрата (© Vin PSK Photography)

emp1

Крики любвеобильного самца тунгарской лягушки из Панамы привлекли двух кусачих мошек (© Ximena E. Bernal)

emp1

Муха-горбатка парит над колонией завезенных красных огненных муравьев в Канаде, ожидая возможности отложить яйцо (© John and Kendra