20 Rachida el Moussaoui et al., “Effectiveness of Discontinuing Antibiotic Treatment After Three Days Versus Eight Days in Mild to Moderate-Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia: Randomised, Double-Blind Study”, British Medical Journal 332 (2006), 1355–1362.

21 Christopher Stille et al., “Increased Use of Second-Generation Macrolide Antibiotics for Children in Nine Health Plans in the United States”, Pediatrics 114 (2004), 1206–1211; Mainous et al., “Trends in Antimicrobial Prescribing”.

22 William Check, “Real-Time PCR for the Rest of Us”, College of American Pathologists/CAP Today, June 2006.

23 Didier Guillemot et al., “Reduction of Antibiotic Use in the Community Reduces the Rate of Colonization with Penicillin G-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae”, Clinical Infectious Diseases 41 (2005), 930–938.

24 W. Michael Dunne et al., “Clinical Microbiology in the Year 2025”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40 (2002), 3889–3893.

25 W. J. Wilson et al., “Sequence-Specific Identification of 18 Pathogenic Microorganisms Using Microarray Technology”, Molecular and Cellular Probes 16 (2002), 119–127.

26 Письмо Тома Слезака (Tom Slezak) автору от ноября 2006 г.

27 Daniel Sinsimer et al., “Use of Multiplex Molecular Beacon Platform for Rapid Detection of Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43 (2005), 4585–4591.

28 J. T. McLure et al., “Performance of an Investigational Commercial Real-Time PCR Assay for Direct Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA on Clinical Samples”, poster 357, 44th annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America, Toronto, October 10, 2006.

29 Там же.

30 Письмо Лори Хендерсона (Lori Henderson, заместитель директора по маркетингу компании GeneOhm) автору от ноября 2006 г.

31 Jaana Harmoinen et al., “Orally Administered Targeted Recombinant Beta-lactamase Prevents Ampicillin-Induced Selective Pressure on the Gut Microbiota: A Novel Approach to Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48 (2004), 75–79; “Ipsat Therapies Announces Positive Phase II Results for Lead Product Against Antibiotic Resistance and Hospital Acquired Infection”, 15th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen, April5, 2005.

32 Klaus Stoeckel et al., “Stability of Cephalosporin Prodrug Esters in Human Intestinal Juice: Implications for Oral Bioavailability”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42 (1998), 2602–2606.

33 W. Graninger, “Pivmecillinam – Therapy of Choice for Lower Urinary Tract Infection”, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 22 (2003), suppl. 2, 73–78; George Zhanel et al., “A Canadian National Surveillance Study of Urinary Tract Isolates from Outpatients: Comparison of the Activities of TrimethoprimSulfamethoxazole, Ampicillin, Mecillinam, Nitrofurantoin, and Ciprofloxacin”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44 (2000), 1089–1092.

34 A. Sullivan et al., “Effect of Perorally Administered Pivmecillinam on the Normal Oropharyngeal, Intestinal and Skin Microflora”, Journal of Chemotherapy (2001), 299–308; A. Heimdahl et al., “Effect of Bacampicillin on Human Mouth, Throat and Colon Microflora”, Infection 7 (1979), S446 – S451.

35 Carolos Amabile-Cuevas, Jack Heinemann, “Shooting the Messenger of Antibiotic Resistance: Plasmid Elimination as a Potential CounterEvolutionary Tactic”, Drug Discover Today 9 (2004), 465–467.

36 Johna DeNap, Paul Hergenrother, “Bacterial Death Comes Full Circle: Targeting Plasmid Replication in Drug-Resistant Bacteria”, Organic Biomolecular Chemistry 3 (2005), 959–966.

37 Johna DeNap et al., “Combating Drug-Resistant Bacteria: Small Molecule Mimics of Plasmid Incompatibility as Antiplasmid Compounds”, Journal of the American Chemical Society 126 (2004), 15402-15404.

38 Virve Enne et al., “Evidence of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Silencing in Escherichia coli”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50 (2006), 3003-10.

39 Теоретически благодаря сорту “Флавр-Савр” полки продуктовых магазинов должны были наполниться более ароматными помидорами, потому что фермеры могли бы собирать их дозревшими (а не зелеными), не боясь, что они сгниют по дороге к покупателю. На деле же небольшого усиления аромата оказалось недостаточно, чтобы преодолеть тот мандраж, который вызывают у покупателей генетически модифицированные продукты.

40 D. G. White et al., “Inhibition of the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (mar) Operon in Escherichia coli by Antisense DNA Analogues”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41 (1997), 2699–2704.

41 C. Torres Viera et al., “Restoration of Vancomycin Susceptibility in Enterococcus faecalis by Antiresistance Determinant Gene Transfer”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45 (2001), 973–975.

42 Rene Sarno et al., “Inhibition of Aminoglycoside 6’ – N acetyltransferase Type Ib-Mediated Amikacin Resistance by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47 (2003), 3296–3304.

43 WHO International Review Panel, “Impacts of Antimicrobial Growth Promoter Termination in Denmark: The WHO International Review Panel’s Evaluation of the Termination of the Use of Antimicrobial Growth Promoters in Denmark”, www.who.int / gfn / links / gssamrgro wthreportstory / en /.

44 McDonald’s Global Policy on Antibiotic Use in Food Animals, June 2003, www.aboutmcdonalds.com / etc / medialib / aboutMcDonalds / socialresponsiblity.Par.33574. File.dat / antibiotics_policy.pdf.

45 Richard Martin, “How Ravenous Soviet Viruses Will Save the World”, Wired, October 2003.

46 Peter Radetsky, “The Good Virus”, Discover 17 (November 1996); Thomas Hausler, Viruses vs. Superbugs (New York: Macmillan Science, 2006).

47 Интервью, взятые автором у Александра (Сандро) Сулаквелидзе в ноябре 2006 г.

48 Richard Stone, “Stalin’s Forgotten Cure”, Science 298 (2002), 728–731.

49 Amy Ellis Nutt, “Germs That Fight Germs: How Killer Bacteria Have Defeated Our Last Antibiotic”, Star-Ledger, December 9, 2003.

50 Письмо Кевина Смилли (Kevin Smeallie) автору от ноября 2006 г.

51 Anne Bruttin, Harald Brüssow, “Human Volunteers Receiving Escherichia coli Phage T4 Orally: A Safety Test of Phage Therapy”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49 (2005), 2874–2878.

52 Thomas Broudy, Vincent Fischetti, “In Vivo Lysogenic Conversion of Tox- Streptococcus pyogenes to Tox+ with Lysogenic Streptococci or Free Phage”, Infection and Immunity 71 (2003), 3782–3786; Thomas Broudy et al., “Induction of Lysogenic Bacteriophage and Phage-Associated Toxin from Group A Streptococci During Coculture with Human Pharyngeal Cells”, Infection and Immunity 69 (2001), 1440–1443.