630 L. Press, ‘Relcom during the coup’, Personal Computing, 1991, http://som.csudh.edu/fac/lpress/articles/relcom.pdf

631 M. Gessen, The Man Without a Face: the unlikely rise of Vladimir Putin, New York NY: Riverhead Books, 2012, p. 110.

632 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 34.

633 A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, ‘An act of courage on the Soviet internet’, Slate, 19 August 2016, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/08/the_1991_soviet_internet_helped_stop_a_coup_and_spread_a_message_of_freedom.html

634 Interview with Vadim Antonov on PSB’s ‘The internet show’ [video], 1995, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzqMrhG50q0

635 Soldatov and Borogan, p. 36.

636 V. Sebestyen, ‘The KGB’s bathhouse plot’, The New York Times, 20 August 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/opinion/sunday/the-soviet-coup-that-failed.html

637 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, pp. 47–9.

638 A. Nossik, ‘Russia’s first blogger reacts to Putin’s internet crackdown’, The New Republic, 15 May 2014, https://newrepublic.com/article/117771/putins-internet-crackdown-russias-first-blogger-reacts

639 M. Lakhman, ‘Mother Russia does a slow dance with the net’, The New York Times, 7 October 1997, http://partners.nytimes.com/library/cyber/euro/100797euro.html

640 Soldatov and Borogan, p. 52.

641 Soldatov and Borogan, pp. 65–6.

642 Soldatov and Borogan, p. 89.

Глава 23

643 ‘Pavel Durov in conversation with Jimmy Wales’ [video], DLD12, 24 January 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEHd4HbOLYM

644 R. Hutt, ‘The world’s most popular social networks, mapped’, World Economic Forum, 20 March 2017, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/03/most-popular-social-networks-mapped/

645 E. Avriel, ‘The richest Israelis got NIS 10 billion richer in 2013’, Haaretz, 5 June 2013, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/business/.premium-israel-s-super-rich-really-are-different-1.5273638

646 C. Abram, ‘Welcome to Facebook, everyone’, Facebook, 26 September 2006, https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook/welcome-to-facebook-everyone/2210227130/

647 J. Yaffa, ‘Is Pavel Durov, Russia’s Zuckerberg, a Kremlin target?’, Bloomberg, 7 August 2013, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-08-01/is-pavel-durov-russias-zuckerberg-a-kremlin-target

648 R. Synowitz, ‘VKontakte by the numbers’, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 24 April 2014, https://www.rferl.org/a/vkontakte-by-the-numbers/25361419.html

649 Согласно другим источникам, купюры просто привязывали к бумажным самолетикам. Как было на самом деле – не очень понятно. – Прим. пер.

650 K. Cutler, ‘VKontakte’s Pavel Durov explains bizarre money-throwing incident’, TechCrunch, 28 October 2013, https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/28/vkontaktes-pavel-durov-explains-bizarre-money-throwing-incident/

651 A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, The Red Web: the struggle between Russia’s digital dictators and the new online revolutionaries, New York NY: PublicAffairs, 2015, p. 98.

652 A. Nossik, ‘Russia’s first blogger reacts to Putin’s internet crackdown’, The New Republic, 15 May 2014, https://newrepublic.com/article/117771/putins-internet-crackdown-russias-first-blogger-reacts”

653 P. Pomerantsev, ‘Putin’s Rasputin’, London Review of Books, 33, no. 20 (2011), pp. 3–6, https://www.lrb.co.uk/v33/n20/peter-pomerantsev/putins-rasputin

654 Nossik, ‘Russia’s first blogger reacts to Putin’s internet crackdown’.

655 D. Hakim, ‘Once celebrated in Russia, the programmer Pavel Durov chooses exile’, The New York Times, 2 December 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/technology/once-celebrated-in-russia-programmer-pavel-durov-chooses-exile.html

656 G. Faulconbridge, ‘Kremlin “puppet master” faces errant oligarch’, Reuters, 16 September 2011, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-prokhorov-surkov/kremlin-puppet-master-faces-errant-oligarch-idUSTRE78F2TB20110916

657 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 136.

658 P. Leander and A. Sakhnin, ‘Russia’s Trump’, Jacobin, 11 July 2017, https://jacobinmag.com/2017/07/alexey-navalny-putin-opposition-movement-trump

659 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 140.

660 M. Gessen, The Man Without a Face: the unlikely rise of Vladimir Putin, New York NY: Riverhead Books, 2012, p. 289.

661 Gessen, The Man Without a Face, pp. 287–8.

662 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 125.

663 J. Halliday, ‘Hillary Clinton adviser compares internet to Che Guevara’, The Guardian, 22 June 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jun/22/hillary-clinton-adviser-alec-ross

664 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 149.

665 Yaffa, ‘Is Pavel Durov, Russia’s Zuckerberg, a Kremlin target?

666 C. Johnston, ‘Crime, punishment, and Russia’s original social network’, Motherboard, 12 February 2015, https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/vvbq73/v-for-vkontakte

667 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 153.

668 Вообще эту фразу написал Эдуард Кот; не удалось найти такой же записи у Навального. – Прим. пер.

669 P. Durov, Здравый смысл. Письмо создателя «ВКонтакте» Павла Дурова о цензуре и митингах, Lenta.ru, 12 December 2011, https://lenta.ru/articles/2011/12/12/durov/

670 Глава «ВКонтакте» показал спецслужбам собачий язык, Lenta.ru, 9 December 2011, https://lenta.ru/news/2011/12/08/mrdurov/

671 O. Razumovskaya, ‘Russian social network: FSB asked it to block Kremlin protesters’, The Wall Street Journal, 8 December 2011, http://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2011/12/08/russian-social-network-fsb-asked-it-to-block-kremlin-protesters/

672 Johnston, ‘Crime, punishment, and Russia’s original social network’.

673 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 163.

674 Федеральный закон № 139-ФЗ от 28 июля 2012 года «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон “О защите детей от информации, причиняющей вред их здоровью и развитию” и отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации».

675 ‘Russia internet blacklist law takes effect’, BBC News, 1 November 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology- 20096274

676 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 166.

677 M. Kiselyova, ‘Usmanov tightens hold on Russian social net VKontakte as founder sells stake’, Reuters, 24 January 2014, https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-vkontakte/usmanov-tightens-hold-on-russian-social-net-vkontakte-as-founder-sells-stake-idUSL5N0KY3DQ20140124

678 I. Lunden, ‘Durov, out for good from VK.com, plans a mobile social network outside Russia’, TechCrunch, 22 April 2014, https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/22/durov-out-for-good-from-vk-com-plans-a-mobile-social-network-outside-russia/