679 ‘Russia’s Mail.Ru buys remaining stake in VKontakte for $1.5 bln’, Reuters, 16 September 2014, https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-mailru-group-vkontakte/russias-mail-ru-buys-remaining-stake-in-vkontakte-for-1–5-bln-idUSL6N0RH28K20140916

680 Lunden, ‘Durov, out for good from VK.com’; N. Kononov, ‘The Kremlin’s social media takeover’, The New York Times, 10 March 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/11/opinion/the-kremlins-social-media-takeover.html?_r=0

681 V. Walt, ‘With Telegram, a reclusive social media star rises again’, Fortune, 23 February 2016, http://fortune.com/telegram-pavel-durov-mobile-world-congress/

682 ‘FAQ’, Telegram, https://telegram.org/faq#q-do-you-process-data-requests

683 G. Greenwald, No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the US surveillance state, New York NY: Henry Holt and Company, 2014, p. 7.

684 R. McCormick, ‘Edward Snowden’s favorite encrypted chat app is now on Android’, The Verge, 3 November 2015, https://www.theverge.com/2015/11/3/9662724/signal-encrypted-chat-app-android-edward-snowden

685 R. Kilpatrick, ‘China blocks Telegram messenger, blamed for aiding human rights lawyers’, Hong Kong Free Press, 13 July 2015, https://www.hongkongfp.com/2015/07/13/china-blocks-telegram-messenger-blamed-for-aiding-human-rights-lawyers/

686 CNN Library, ‘Paris attacks fast facts’, CNN, 8 December 2015, https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/08/europe/2015-paris-terror-attacks-fast-facts/index.html; S. Stalinsky et al., ‘Germany-based encrypted messaging app Telegram emerges as jihadis’ preferred communications platform’, Memri, 23 December 2016, https://www.memri.org/reports/encryption-technology-embraced-isis-al-qaeda-other-jihadis-part-v-%E2%80%93-september-2015-0

687 N. Lomas, ‘After Paris attacks, Telegram purges ISIS public content’, TechCrunch, 19 November 2015, https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/19/telegram-purges-isis-public-channels/

688 «ФСБ: теракт в метро Петербурга подготовили с помощью Telegram», Meduza, 26 June 2017, https://meduza.io/news/2017/06/26/fsb-terakt-v-metro-peterburga-podgotovili-s-pomoschyu-telegram

689 I. Webb, ‘Is the end near for Telegram in Russia?’, Global Voices, 26 June 2017, https://globalvoices.org/2017/06/26/is-the-end-nigh-for-telegram-in-russia/

690 ‘Telegram is fighting for its life in Russia, and it’s unclear how much longer until it’s kaput’, Meduza, 20 March 2018, https://meduza.io/en/short/2018/03/20/telegram-is-fighting-for-its-life-in-russia-and-it-s-unclear-how-much-longer-until-it-s-kaput

691 ‘Here’s what happened at the Telegram protest in Moscow’, The Moscow Times, 30 April 2018, https://themoscowtimes.com/news/thousands-in-moscow-protest-ban-against-messaging-service-telegram-61307; Митинг против блокировки Telegram. Прямая трансляция. [video], Svoboda Radio, 30 April 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NG9WvRA5S8k

692 ‘Russian ISPs finally start blocking Telegram’, Meduza, 16 April 2018, https://meduza.io/en/news/2018/04/16/russian-isps-finally-start-blocking-telegram

693 P. Durov, ‘Telegram message’, Durov’s Channel, 2018.

694 I. Kravtsova, ‘“It’s simple negligence”: Russian business owners talk about becoming collateral damage in the federal censor’s war on Telegram’, Meduza, 18 April 2018, https://meduza.io/en/feature/2018/04/18/it-s-simple-negligence

695 В Кремле не рассматривают создание в РФ файервола против Telegram по примеру Китая, Interfax, 19 April 2018, http://www.interfax.ru/russia/609199

696 ‘Russia blocks tens of thousands of Microsoft IP addresses’, Meduza, 19 April 2018, https://meduza.io/en/news/2018/04/19/russia-blocks-tens-of-thousands-of-microsoft-ip-addresses; Роскомнадзор ограничил доступ к 18 VPN и прокси-сервисам для блокировки Telegram, Interfax, 20 April 2018, http://www.interfax.ru/russia/609326

697 ‘Russia’s crackdown on Telegram disrupts Google services across the country’, Meduza, 23 April 2018, https://meduza.io/en/news/2018/04/23/russia-s-crackdown-on-telegram-disrupts-google-services-across-the-country

698 ‘Russia’s economy could lose 1 billion dollars by the end of the year, because of the Telegram ban’, Meduza, 26 April 2018, https://meduza.io/en/news/2018/04/26/russia-s-economy-could-lose-1-billion-dollars-by-the-end-of-the-year-because-of-the-telegram-ban

699 ‘Here are some of the dozens of online services disrupted by Russia’s scattershot assault on Telegram’, Meduza, 26 April 2018, https://meduza.io/en/feature/2018/04/26/the-damage-done

700 R. Brandom, ‘A Google update just created a big problem for anti-censorship tools’, The Verge, 18 April 2018, https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/18/17253784/google-domain-fronting-discontinued-signal-tor-vpn; C. MacCarthaigh, ‘Enhanced domain protections for Amazon CloudFront requests’, AWS Security Blog, 27 April 2018, https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/enhanced-domain-protections-for-amazon-cloudfront-requests/

701 M. Rosenfield, ‘Amazon threatens to suspend Signal’s AWS account over censorship circumvention’, Signal, 1 May 2018, https://signal.org/blog/looking-back-on-the-front/

702 L. Bershidsky, ‘Russian censor gets help from Amazon and Google’, Bloomberg, 2 May 2018, https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018–05–02/eu-data-privacy-regulations-could-give-google-more-power

703 N. Vasilyeva, ‘Thousands rally in Moscow for internet freedom’, The Seattle Times, 30 April 2018, https://www.seattletimes.com/business/thousands-rally-in-moscow-for-internet-freedom/

Глава 24

704 ‘Detach from attachments!’ [video], Tibet Action Institute, 2 December 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4E1SRDmtZE

705 Интервью автора с Лобсангом Гьяцо Ситхером, сентябрь 2017 г.

706 S. Liao, ‘How WeChat came to rule China’, The Verge, 1 February 2018, https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/1/16721230/wechat-china-app-mini-programs-messaging-electronic-id-system

707 B. Perez, ‘Tencent scraps WeChat global expansion plans despite strong profits’, South China Morning Post, 19 March 2015, http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1741792/tencent-scraps-wechat-global-expansion-plans-despite-strong-profits; E. Lukman, ‘This could get Messi: WeChat hires world’s best footballer as TV ad star’, Tech in Asia, 2 July 2013, https://www.techinasia.com/wechat-lionel-messi-ad

708 C. Chan, ‘When one app rules them all: the case of WeChat and mobile in China’, Andreessen Horowitz, 6 August 2015, https://a16z.com/2015/08/06/wechat-china-mobile-first/

709 Amnesty International, For Your Eyes Only? Ranking 11 technology companies on encryption and human rights, London: Amnesty International, 2016, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/POL40/4985/2016/en/

710 Z. Huang, ‘What Tencent left out when it denied spying on you over WeChat’, Quartz, 3 January 2018, https://qz.com/1170046/tencents-wechat-denies-storing-chat-history-but-its-users-are-monitored-by-the-chinese-government/