и на наш микробиом: Christ, Lauterbach, and Latz, “Western Diet and the Immune System”. 202 inspired fifteenth-century explorers: The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power, ed. Naren Chitty et al. (New York: Routledge, 2017).

Глава 13. Mangiafoglia – «есть листья»

«куда более темным и твердым хлебом»: Keys and Keys, Eat Well and Stay Well.

«еще теплыми и источающими великолепные ароматы»: Keys and Keys, Eat Well and Stay Well.

«темно-обжаренных, только что помолотых зерен»: Keys and Keys, Eat Well and Stay Well.

повышают уровень IgA в слюне: Sang Chul Jeong, Sundar Rao Koyyalamudi, and Gerald Pang, “Dietary Intake of Agaricus bisporus White Button Mushroom Accelerates Salivary Immunoglobulin A Secretion in Healthy Volunteers”, Nutrition 28, no. 5 (May 2012).

могут снизить уровень заболеваемости: F. Meng, “Baker’s Yeast Beta-Glucan Decreases Episodes of Common Childhood Illness in 1 to 4 Year Old Children during Cold Season in China”, Journal of Nutrition and Food Science 6, no. 4 (2016).

витамин D также оказывает важное влияние и на здоровье иммунной системы: См., например: Barbara Prietl et al., “Vitamin D and Immune Function”, Nutrients 5, no. 7 (July 5, 2013); Wei Liu et al., “The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin D in Tumorigenesis”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (Sept. 13, 2018); Neng Chen et al., “Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Level of Circulating High-Sensitivity CReactive Protein: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”, Nutrients 6, no. 6 (June 10, 2014); Wang et al., “Functions of Macrophages in the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis”. 206 “No main meal in the Mediterranean”: Ancel Keys, “Mediterranean Diet and Public Health: Personal Reflections”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, no. 6 Suppl. (June 1995).

уникального класса фитохимических соединений: Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova and Rumen V. Kostov, “Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates in Health and Disease”, Trends in Molecular Medicine 18, no. 6 (June 1, 2012).

также обеспечивают мощную защиту от хронических воспалительных заболеваний: См., например: Nagisa Mori et al., “Cruciferous Vegetable Intake and Mortality in MiddleAged Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study”, Clinical Nutrition 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2019); Dagfinn Aune, “Plant Foods, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: A Review of the Evidence”, Advances in Nutrition 10, Suppl. 4 (2019); Patrizia Riso et al., “Effect of 10-Day Broccoli Consumption on Inflammatory Status of Young Healthy Smokers”, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 65, no. 1 (Feb. 2014); Yu Jiang et al., “Cruciferous Vegetable Intake Is Inversely Correlated with Circulating Levels of Proinflammatory Markers in Women”, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 114, no. 5 (May 2014).

выделяют ферменты, которые активируют изотиоцианаты: Sicong Tian et al., “Microbiota: A Mediator to Transform Glucosinolate Precursors in Cruciferous Vegetables to the Active Isothiocyanates”, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98, no. 4 (March 2018).

взаимодействуют со специальной молекулой: Tilg and Moschen, “Food, Immunity, and the Microbiome”; Veldhoen and Brucklacher-Waldert, “Dietary Influences on Intestinal Immunity”.

Они влияют на воспаление посредством многих разнообразных механизмов: Marialaura Bonaccio et al., “Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Polyphenols and Low Grade Inflammation: Results from the Moli-Sani Study”, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 83, no. 1 (Jan. 2017); Alexa Serino and Gloria Salazar, “Protective Role of Polyphenols against Vascular Inflammation, Aging and Cardiovascular Disease”, Nutrients 11, no. 1 (2019); Ricker and Haas, “Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Clinical Practice”; Sashwati Roy and Siba P. Raychaudhuri, eds., Chronic Inflammation: Molecular Pathophysiology, Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012).

В результате их ферментации микробами образуются полезные метаболиты: Rizzetto et al., “Connecting the Immune System”; Bailey and Holscher, “Microbiome-Mediated Effects of the Mediterranean Diet”. 208 dropped by 80 percent and life expectancy increased: Pett et al., Ancel Keys and the Seven Countries Study.

«Моя комната завалена книгами, которые я не могу читать»: Todd Tucker, The Great Starvation Experiment (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007).

В первой половине XX века: Mozaffarian, Rosenberg, and Uauy, “History of Modern Nutrition Science”.

организовал рандомизированное контролируемое исследование: Vern Farewell and Tony Johnson, “Woods and Russell, Hill, and the Emergence of Medical Statistics”, Statistics in Medicine 29, no. 14 (June 30, 2010).

среднестатистический взрослый житель Америки выкуривал полпачки сигарет в день: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Tobacco Use – United States, 1900–1999”, Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 43 (Nov. 5, 1999).

Они размышляли над идеей: National Tobacco Reform Leadership Team, “Letter to FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M. D. – Recent FDA Actions to Reduce Adolescent Tobacco Use”, (Dec. 7, 2018), https://www.tobaccoreform.org/letter-to-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-m-d-actions-to-reduce-adolescent-tobacco-use/.

Многие врачи курили: Martha N. Gardner and Allan M. Brandt, “‘The Doctors’ Choice Is America’s Choice’: The Physician in US Cigarette Advertisements, 1930–1953”, American Journal of Public Health 96, no. 2 (2006).

интуитивно устанавливали связь: Richard Doll, “The First Report on Smoking and Lung Cancer”, in Ashes to Ashes: The History of Smoking and Health, ed. Stephen Lock, Lois A. Reynolds, and E. M. Tansey (Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi B. V., 1998).

наблюдал за изменением состояния их здоровья: Richard Doll and A. Bradford Hill, “Lung Cancer and Other Causes of Death in Relation to Smoking; A Second Report on the Mortality of British Doctors”, British Medical Journal 2, no. 5001 (Nov. 10, 1956); Richard Doll and A. Bradford Hill, “The Mortality of Doctors in Relation to Their Smoking Habits: A Preliminary Report”, British Medical Journal 1, no. 4877 (1954).

нуждается в переосмыслении термина «причина»: A. Bradford Hill, “The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 58, no. 5 (1965).

четыре критерия для оценки того, вызывает ли тот или иной микроб болезнь: Julia A. Segre, “What Does It Take to Satisfy Koch’s Postulates Two Centuries Later? Microbial Genomics and Propionibacteria Acnes”, Journal of Investigative Dermatology 133, no. 9 (Sept. 2013).

Рандомизированные контролируемые исследования не являются идеальным решением: Ambika Satija et al., “Understanding Nutritional Epidemiology and Its Role in Policy”, Advances in Nutrition 6, no. 1 (2015).

многие из которых были получены из растений: Mouhssen Lahlou, “The Success of Natural Products in Drug Discovery”, Pharmacology & Pharmacy 4 (2013).

наиболее эффективно борются с «котлом воспаления»: Caldwell Esselstyn, interview with author, Feb. 2020.

предшественника