50 Pontzer H, Durazo-Arvizu R, Dugas LR, et al. Constrained total energy expenditure and metabolic adaptation to physical activity in adult humans. Current Biology 2016; 26: 410–17.

51 Pontzer H, Raichlen DA, Gordon AD, et al. Primate energy expenditure and life history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2014; 111: 1433–37.

52 Bilici S, Saglam F, Beyhan Y, Barut-Uyar B, Dikmen D, Goktas Z, et al. Energy expenditure and nutritional status of coal miners: a crosssectional study. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 2016; 71: 293–99.

53 Ellison PT. Energetics and reproductive effort. American Journal of Human Biology 2003; 15: 342–51.

54 Ellison PT, Lager C. Moderate recreational running is associated with lowered salivary progesterone profiles in women. American Journal of Ostetrics and Gynecology 1986; 154: 1000–03.

55 Pontzer H. Energy constraint as a novel mechanism linking exercise and health. Physiology 2018; 33: 384–93.

56 Nabkasorn C, Miyai N, Sootmongkol A, et al. Effects of physical exercise on depression, neuroendocrine stress hormones and physiological fitness in adolescent females with depressive symptoms. European Journal of Public Health 2006; 16: 179–84.

57 @TateLyleSugars. ‘Come along to the #IEA #ThinkTent for steaming porridge & Lyle’s Golden Syrup & to discuss global trade: producers vs. consumers – where does the balance lie?’ 2 October 2018. Доступно по ссылке: https://twitter.com/tatelylesugars/status/1047037066952028166.

58 Institute of Economic Affairs. After Brexit, building a global free trade environment. 2016. Доступно по ссылке: https://iea.org.uk/events/exiting-the-eu-reclaiming-trade-sovereignty/.

59 Lee I-M, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet 2012; 380: 219–29.

6 °Church et al, 2011.

61 Hill et al, 2012.

62 Wood B, Ruskin G, Sacks G. How Coca-Cola shaped the international congress on physical activity and public health: an analysis of email exchanges between 2012 and 2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020; 17: 8996.

63 Serôdio PM, McKee M, Stuckler D. Coca-Cola – a model of transparency in research partnerships? A network analysis of Coca-Cola’s research funding (2008–2016). Public Health Nutrition 2018; 21: 1594–607.

64 O’Connor A. Coca-Cola funds scientists who shift blame for obesity away from bad diets. 2015. Доступно по ссылке: https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/coca-cola-funds-scientists-who-shift-blame-for-obesityaway-from-bad-diets/.

65 Wood et al, 2020.

66 O’Connor et al, 2015.

67 Serôdio et al, 2018.

68 Serôdio et al, 2018.

69 Coca-Cola. Transparency Research Report. 2022. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.coca-colacompany. com/content/dam/journey/us/en/policies/pdf/research-and-studies/transparency-research-report.pdf.

70 Botkin JR. Should failure to disclose significant financial conflicts of interest be considered research misconduct? Journal of the American Medical Association 2018; 320: 2307–08.

71 Anderson TS, Dave S, Good CB, et al. Academic medical center leadership on pharmaceutical company boards of directors. Journal of the American Medical Association 2014; 311: 1353–55.

72 Coca-Cola. Exercise is the best medicine. 2009. Доступно по ссылке: https://investors.coca-colacompany.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/392/exercise-is-the-best-medicine.

73 Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Boccia S, et al. Head-to-head randomized trials are mostly industry sponsored and almost always favor the industry sponsor. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2015; 68: 811–20.

74 Stamatakis E, Weiler R, Ioannidis JPA. Undue industry influences that distort healthcare research, strategy, expenditure and practice: a review. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2013; 43: 469–75.

75 Ioannidis JPA. Evidence-based medicine has been hijacked: a report to David Sackett. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2016; 73: 82–86.

76 Fabbri A, Lai A, Grundy Q, Bero LA. The influence of industry sponsorship on the research agenda: a scoping review. American Journal of Public Health 2018; 108: e9–16.

77 Lundh et al, 2017.

78 Rasmussen K, Bero L, Redberg R, et al. Collaboration between academics and industry in clinical trials: cross sectional study of publications and survey of lead academic authors. British Medical Journal 2018; 363: 3654.

79 Bes-Rastrollo M, Schulze MB, Ruiz-Canela M, et al. Financial conflicts of interest and reporting bias regarding the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review of systematic reviews. PLoS Medicine 2013; 10: e1001578.

80 Serôdio et al, 2018.

81 Serôdio et al, 2018. «В 389 статьях, опубликованных в 169 разных журналах за авторством 907 ученых, декларируется финансирование от The Coca-Cola Company. Но списки прозрачности Coca-Cola далеко не полны. После изучения результатов опроса наш поиск показал 471 автора 128 статей, чьих имен нет в списках Coca-Cola, но в их статьях декларируется финансирование от компании».

82 Leme ACB, Ferrari G, Fisberg RM, et al. Co-occurrence and clustering of sedentary behaviors, diet,sugar-sweetened beverages, and alcohol intake among adolescents and adults: the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS). Nutrients 2021; 13: 1809.

9. …и даже не в силе воли

1 @matthewsyed. ‘Here I say that some obese people could lose weight with willpower – more exercise, less food. I explicitly exclude those with thyroid & other conditions. That this has caused offence underlines my point: we’ve seen a collapse in individual responsibility’. 14 February 2021. Доступно по ссылке: https://twitter.com/matthewsyed/status/1360913923340394499.

2 Cooksey-Stowers K, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Food swamps predict obesity rates better than food deserts in the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017; 14: 1366.

3 National Food Strategy, 2021.

4 National Food Strategy, 2021.

5 Folkvord F, Anschütz DJ, Wiers RW, et al. The role of attentional bias in the effect of food advertising on actual food intake among children. Appetite 2015; 84: 251–58.

6 Harris JL, Speers SE, Schwartz MB, et al. US food company branded advergames on the internet: children’s exposure and effects on snack consumption. Journal of Children and Media 2012; 6: 51–68.

7 Folkvord F, Anschütz DJ, Buijzen M, et al. The effect of playing advergames