Psychobiology 17, no. 4 (1984): 347–56; Lynda I. A. Birke and Dawn Sadler, "Differences in Maternal Behavior of Rats and the Sociosexual Development of the Offspring," Developmental Psychobiology 20, no. 1 (1987): 85–99.

128

Annamarja Lamminmäki, Melissa Hines, Tanja Kuiri-Hänninen et al., "Testosterone Measured in Infancy Predicts Subsequent Sex-Typed Behavior in Boys and in Girls," Hormones and Behavior 61, no. 4 (2012): 611–16.

129

James G. Pfaus, Tod E. Kippin, and Genaro Coria-Avila, "What Can Animal Models Tell Us About Human Sexual Response?" Annual Review of Sex Research 14, no. 1 (2003): 1–63.

130

R. Schweizer, G. Blumenstock, K. Mangelsdorf et al., "Prevalence and Incidence of Endocrine Disorders in Children: Results of a Survey in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria (EndoPrIn BB) 2000–2001," Klinische Pädiatrie 222, no. 2 (2010): 67–72; P. W. Speiser, W. Arlt, R. J. Auchus, L. S. Baskin, G. S. Conway, D. P. Merke, H. F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg et al., "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 103, no. 11 (2018): 4043–88.

131

ВГКН у мужчин, по-видимому, не влияет на гендерное поведение – стиль игры, сексуальную ориентацию или более поздний выбор карьеры, но может сказываться на когнитивных способностях, в частности на пространственном восприятии (у женщин ВГКН, по-видимому, не влияет на пространственное восприятие). Marcia L. Collaer and Melissa Hines, "No Evidence for Enhancement of Spatial Ability with Elevated Prenatal Androgen Exposure in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis," Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 2 (2020): 395–411.

132

Sheri A. Berenbaum and Adriene M. Beltz, "Sexual Differentiation of Human Behavior: Effects of Prenatal and Pubertal Organizational Hormones," Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 32, no. 2 (2011): 183–200.

133

Rafał Podgórski, David Aebisher, Monika Stompor, Dominika Podgórska, and Artur Mazur, "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Clinical Symptoms and Diagnostic Methods," Acta Biochimica Polonica 65, no. 1 (2018): 25–33.

134

William R. Charlesworth and Claire Dzur, "Gender Comparisons of Preschoolers' Behavior and Resource Utilization in Group Problem Solving," Child Development 58, no. 1 (1987): 191–200.

135

Joyce F. Benenson, Warriors and Worriers: The Survival of the Sexes (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 45–51; Amanda J. Rose and Karen D. Rudolph, "A Review of Sex Differences in Peer Relationship Processes: Potential Trade-offs for the Emotional and Behavioral Development of Girls and Boys," Psychological Bulletin 132, no. 1 (2006): 98–131.

136

Eleanor E. Maccoby, The Two Sexes: Growing Up Apart, Coming Together (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999): 27; Joyce F. Benenson, Nicholas H. Apostoleris, and Jodi Parnass, "Age and Sex Differences in Dyadic and Group Interaction," Developmental Psychology 33, no. 3 (1997): 538–43.

137

Beverly I. Fagot, "Consequences of Moderate Cross-Gender Behavior in Preschool Children," Child Development 48, no. 3 (1977): 902–7.

138

Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, "Sex Differences in Nonhuman Primate Behavioral Development," The Journal of Neuroscience Research 95, no. 1–2 (2017): 213–21; Joyce F. Benenson, "Sex Differences in Human Peer Relationships: A Primate's-Eye View," Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 2 (2019): 124–30; Janice M. Hassett, Erin R. Siebert, and Kim Wallen, "Sex Differences in Rhesus Monkey Toy Preferences Parallel Those of Children," Hormones and Behavior 54, no. 3 (2008): 359–64; Beatrice Whiting and Carolyn Pope Edwards, "A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Sex Differences in the Behavior of Children Aged Three Through 11," The Journal of Social Psychology 91, no. 2 (1973): 171–88; Jac T. M. Davis and Melissa Hines, "How Large Are Gender Differences in Toy Preferences? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Toy Preference Research," Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 2 (2020): 373–94.

139

Rong Su, James Rounds, and Patrick Ian Armstrong, "Men and Things, Women and People: A Meta-Analysis of Sex Differences in Interests," Psychological Bulletin 135, no. 6 (2009): 859–84.

140

Vickie L. Pasterski, Mitchell E. Geffner, Caroline Brain, Peter Hindmarsh, Charles Brook, and Melissa Hines, "Prenatal Hormones and Postnatal Socialization by Parents as Determinants of Male-Typical Toy Play in Girls with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia," Child Development 76, no. 1 (2005): 264–78.

141

Rebecca M. Jordan-Young, "Hormones, Context, and 'Brain Gender': A Review of Evidence from Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia," Social Science and Medicine 74, no. 11 (2012): 1738–44.

142

Adriene M. Beltz, Jane L. Swanson, and Sheri A. Berenbaum, "Gendered Occupational Interests: Prenatal Androgen Effects on Psychological Orientation to Things Versus People," Hormones and Behavior 60, no. 4 (2011): 313–17; and Sheri A. Berenbaum, "Beyond Pink and Blue: The Complexity of Early Androgen Effects on Gender Development," Child Development Perspectives 12, no. 1 (2018): 58–64.

143

Например, стремясь сократить (или запретить) ненужные с медицинской точки зрения операции на интерсекс-детях, Бостонская детская больница недавно объявила, что больше не будет проводить операции на половых органах детям, которые недостаточно взрослые, чтобы понимать их значение и давать на них согласие. Отныне хирурги больницы не будут уменьшать размер «слишком большого» клитора (который может походить на пенис) и делать вагинопластику, при которой создается нечто напоминающее влагалище. Shefali Luthra, "Boston Children's Hospital Will No Longer Perform Two Types of Intersex Surgery on Children," USA Today, October 22, 2020.

144

Jordan-Young, "Hormones, Context, and 'Brain Gender."

145

Hugh Lytton and David M. Romney, "Parents' Differential Socialization of Boys and Girls: A Meta-Analysis," Psychological Bulletin 109, no. 2 (1991): 267–96.

146

Celina C. C. Cohen-Bendahan, Cornelieke van de Beek, and Sheri A. Berenbaum, "Prenatal Sex Hormone Effects on Child and Adult Sex-Typed Behavior: Methods and Findings," Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 29, no. 2 (2005): 353–84. Однако в работе Wang I. Wong, Vickie Pasterski, Peter C. Hindmarsh, Mitchell E. Geffner, and Melissa Hines, "Are There Parental Socialization Effects on the Sex-Typed Behavior of Individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?," Archives of Sexual Behavior 42, no. 3 (2013): 381–91.

147

Kay Bussey and Albert Bandura, "Influence of Gender Constancy and Social Power on Sex-Linked Modeling," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47, no. 6 (1984): 1292–302.

148

Melissa Hines, "Prenatal Testosterone and Gender-Related Behaviour," European Journal of Endocrinology 155, suppl. 1 (2006): S115–S121.

149

Melissa Hines, "Prenatal Endocrine Influences on Sexual Orientation and on Sexually Differentiated Childhood Behavior," Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 32, no. 2 (2011): 170–82; Melissa Hines, "Human Gender Development," Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 118 (2020): 89–96; Rebecca Christine Knickmeyer, Sally Wheelwright, Kevin Taylor, Peter Raggatt, Gerald Hackett, and Simon Baron-Cohen, "Gender-Typed Play and Amniotic Testosterone," Developmental Psychology 41, no. 3 (2005): 517–58, for null findings.

150

Половые различия в уровнях половых гормонов не единственные аспекты нашей физиологии, которые могут напрямую влиять на поведение (в отличие от косвенных воздействий, оказываемых, например, наличием гениталий или различиями в объеме мышц). Помимо генов на Y-хромосоме, которых нет у женщин, представители разных полов также различаются по количеству Х-хромосом. Недавно полученные данные свидетельствуют,