Hewison, 'Ruskin, John', ODNB 48, 173–92.

408

Процитировано в: Peter Stansky, William Morris (Oxford, 1983), 1.

409

E. P. Thompson, William Morris, Romantic to Revolutionary (London, 1955); Fiona McCarthy, William Morris (London, 1994).

410

Stefan Collini, Matthew Arnold: A Critical Portrait (Oxford, 1994), 54; idem., 'Arnold, Matthew', ODNB 2, 487–94. См. также: Wellek, Modern Criticism, vol. 4, 155–80.

411

William E. Buckler, ' «On the Study of Celtic Literature»: A Critical Reconsideration', Victorian Poetry 27 (1989), 61–76, at 62; S. Nagarajan, 'Arnold and the Bhagavad Gita', Comparative Literature 12 (1960), 335–47.

412

Maria Fairweather, Madame de Staël (London, 2004); Michel Winock, Madame de Staël (Paris, 2010); Richard Holmes, This Long Pursuit (London, 2016), 153–168.

413

Bärbel Kern and Horst Kern, Madame Doctorin Schlö zer: ein Frauenleben in den Widersprü chen der Aufklä rung (Munich, 1988), 52ff.

414

Robert K. Webb, 'Martineau, Harriet', ODNB 37, 13–19.

415

Gordon S. Haight, George Eliot: A Biography (1968); Sally Shuttleworth, George Eliot and 19th-Century Science (Cambridge, 1984); Beryl Gray, 'George Eliot and the «Westminster Review» ', Victorian Periodicals Review 33 (2000) 212–24; Diana Postlethwaite, 'George Eliot and Science', in George Levine (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to George Eliot (Cambridge, 2001), 98–118; Rosemary Ashton, 'Evans, Marian', ODNB 18, 730–43.

416

Valerie A. Dodd, George Eliot: An Intellectual Life (1990), 284.

417

Rosemary Ashton, George Henry Lewes (London, 1991); eadem., 'Lewes, George Henry', ODNB 33, 563–8.

418

Gillian Beer, Darwin's Plots (London, 1983), 149, 154.

419

Haight, George Eliot, 344–50.

420

Kathryn A. Neeley, Mary Somerville: Science, Illumination and the Female Mind (Cambridge, 2001), 2.

421

Mary Somerville, Personal Recollections (London, 1873), 140.

422

Elizabeth C. Patterson, 'Somerville, Mary', DSB 12, 521–525; она же, Mary Patterson and the Cultivation of Science, 1815–1840 (The Hague, 1984); Mary R. S. Creese, 'Somerville, Mary', ODNB 51, 617–9; James A. Secord, 'General Introduction' to Mary Somerville, Scientific Papers and Reviews (London, 2004), xv – xxxix; он же, 'Mathematics for the Million? Mary Somerville's On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences, in Visions of Science (Oxford, 2014), 107–37; Richard Holmes, This Long Pursuit: Reflections of a Romantic Biographer (London, 2016), 197–216.

423

Sydney Ross, ' «Scientist»: The Story of a Word', Annals of Science 18 (1962), 65–85.

424

G. Granger, 'Cournot, Antoine-Augustin', DSB 3, 450–4; Franck Bourdier, 'Cuvier, Georges', DSB 3, 521–8; он же, 'Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne', DSB 5, 355–8.

425

Цит. по: Ian F. McNeely, 'Medicine on a Grand Scale': Rudolf Virchow, Liberalism and the Public Health (London, 2002), 5.

426

McNeely, 'Medicine on a Grand Scale', 7.

427

Guenther B. Risse, 'Virchow, Rudolf', DSB 14, 39–45; T. James, 'Rudolf Virchow and Heinrich Schliemann', South African Medical Journal 56 (1979), 111–14.

428

Lorenz Krüger (ed.), Universalgenie Helmholtz (Berlin, 1994).

429

R. Steven Turner, 'Helmholtz, Hermann von', DSB 6, 241–53, at 253.

430

Michel Meulden, Helmholtz: From Enlightenment to Neuroscience (2001: English translation, Cambridge, MA, 2010).

431

Wilhelm Bölsche, Haeckel: His Life and Work (English translation, London, 1906, 173); Georg Uschmann, 'Haeckel, E. H. P.', DSB 6, 6–11; Andrea Wulf, The Invention of Nature: The Adventures of Alexander von Humboldt, the Lost Hero of Science (London, 2016), 298–314; David Lowenthal, G. P. Marsh: Prophet of Conservation (Seattle, WA, 2000).

432

Письмо к другу, ботанику Джозефу Хукеру. Цит. по: Peter Brent, Charles Darwin: A 'man of enlarged curiosity' (London, 1981), 98.

433

Там же, 174.

434

Gillian Beer, Darwin's Plots (London, 1983).

435

Gavin de Beer, 'Darwin, Charles Robert', DSB 3, 565–77; Janet Browne, Charles Darwin, 2 vols. (London, 1995–2002); Adrian Desmond, Janet Browne and James Moore, 'Darwin, Charles Robert', ODNB 15, 177–202; Oliver Sacks, 'Darwin and the Meaning of Flowers', in The River of Consciousness (2017), 3–26.

436

Wesley C. Williams, 'Huxley, Thomas Henry', DSB 6, 589–97; Adrian Desmond, T. H. Huxley, 2 vols. (1994–7); он же, 'Huxley, Thomas Henry'ODNB 29, 99–111.

437

Norman T. Gridgeman, 'Galton, Francis', DSB 5, 265–7; Ruth S. Cowan, 'Galton, Francis', ODNB 21, 346–9; Nicholas W. Gillham, A Life of Sir Francis Galton (Oxford, 2001); Michael Bulmer, Francis Galton (Baltimore, MD, 2003).

438

H. J. P. Arnold, William Henry Fox Talbot: Pioneer of Photography and Man of Science (London, 1977); Larry J. Schaff, 'Talbot, William Henry Fox', ODNB 53, 730–3. В 2012 году на выставке «Тальбот. За пределами фотографии» ('Talbot Beyond Photography') в Кембридже были представлены разнообразные достижения ученого.

439

Дидро, письмо от 16 декабря 1748 года.

440

Adam Smith, Lectures on Jurisprudence (1763); он же, Wealth of Nations (1776), 18. См. также: Jerry A. Jacobs, In Defense of Disciplines: Interdisciplinarity and Specialization in the Research University (Chicago, IL, 2013), 55–60.

441

Immanuel Kant, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785: English translation, ed. Alan Wood, New Haven, CT, 2002), предисловие.

442

Charles Babbage, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (2nd edn, London 1832), 131–63.

443

Herbert Spencer, 'Progress: Its Law and Cause' (1857), in Essays, media.bloomsbury.com/…/primary-source-131-herbert-spencer-progress-its-law-and-cause.pdf, 2/

444

Цит. по: Ross, 'Scientist', 71.

445

Цит. по: Crosbie Smith and William Agar (eds.), Making Space for Science (Basingstoke, 1998), 184.

446

Jean-Pierre Chaline, Sociabilité et erudition: les sociétés savantes en France, XIXe – XXe siècles (Paris, 1995). Автор упоминает одно исключение – «Société polymathique de Morbihan» (1826).

447

Holmes, The Age of Wonder, 393.

448

Шиллер цит. по: Andrea Wulf, The Invention of Nature (London,