138 J. G. Walker et al., “Oral folic acid and vitamin B-12 supplementation to prevent cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms – the Beyond Ageing Project: a randomized controlled trial.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 95, no. 1 (January 2012): 194–203.

139 A. D. Smith et al., “Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial.” PloS One 5, no. 9 (January 2010): e12244.

140 “Three of the B vitamins: folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.” Harvard School of Public Health, The Nutrition Source, 2012.

141 W. C. Willett, Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy (New York: Free Press, 2005).

142 Y. Song et al., “Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled trials.” Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association 23, no. 10 (October 2006): 1050–56.

143 F. Guerrero-Romero et al., “Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.” Diabetes and Metabolism 30, no. 3 (June 2004): 253–58.

144 F. C. Mooren et al., “Oral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects – a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.” Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, no. 3 (March 2011): 281–84.

145 L. Kass et al., “Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, no. 4 (April 2012): 411–18.

146 O. Onalan et al., “Meta-analysis of magnesium therapy for the acute management of rapid atrial fibrillation.” American Journal of Cardiology 99, no. 12 (June 2007): 1726–32.

147 Y. Bashir et al., “Effects of long-term oral magnesium chloride replacement in congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease.” American Journal of Cardiology 72, no. 15 (November 1993): 1156–62.

148 W. Zhang et al., “Associations of dietary magnesium intake with mortality from cardiovascular disease: the JACC study.” Atherosclerosis 221, no. 2 (April 2012): 587–95.

149 E. Giovannucci et al., “25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study.” Archives of Internal Medicine 168, no. 11 (June 2008): 1174–80.

150 H. Dobnig et al., “Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.” Archives of Internal Medicine 168, no. 12 (June 2008): 1340–49.

151 J. A. Ford et al., “Cardiovascular disease and vitamin D supplementation: trial analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100, no. 3 (September 2014): 746–55.

152 G. Bjelakovic et al., “Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1 (January 2014): CD007470.

153 Y. Zheng et al., “Meta-analysis of long-term vitamin D supplementation on overall mortality.” PloS One 8, no. 12 (January 2013): e82109.

154 P. Autier et al., “Vitamin D status and ill health: a systematic review.” Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 76–89.

155 K. M. Sanders et al., “Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: a randomized controlled trial.” JAMA 303, no. 18 (May 2010): 1815–22.

156 C. Annweiler et al., “Higher vitamin D dietary intake is associated with lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a 7-year follow-up.” Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 67, no. 11 (November 2012): 1205–11.

157 S. Cockayne et al., “Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” Archives of Internal Medicine 166, no. 12 (June 2006): 1256–61.

158 K. M. McCabe et al., “Dietary vitamin K and therapeutic warfarin alter the susceptibility to vascular calcification in experimental chronic kidney disease.” Kidney International 83, no. 5 (May 2013): 835–44.

159 J. W. J. Beulens et al., “High dietary menaquinone intake is associated with reduced coronary calcification.” Atherosclerosis 203, no. 2 (April 2009): 489–93.

160 L. J. Schurgers et al., “Oral anticoagulant treatment: friend or foe in cardiovascular disease?” Blood 104, no. 10 (November 2004): 3231–32.

161 L. J. Schurgers et al., “Regression of warfarin-induced medial elastocalcinosis by high intake of vitamin K in rats.” Blood 109, no. 7 (April 2007): 2823–31.

162 J. Uitto et al., “Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: progress in research toward treatment: summary of the 2012 PXE international research meeting.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 133, no. 6 (June 2013): 1444–49.

163 M. Vos et al., “Vitamin K2 is a mitochondrial electron carrier that rescues pink1 deficiency.” Science 336, no. 6086 (June 2012): 1306–10.

164 J. W. J. Beulens et al., “Dietary phylloquinone and menaquinones intakes and risk of type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Care 33, no. 8 (August 2010): 1699–705.

165 G. Ferland, “Vitamin K, an emerging nutrient in brain function.” BioFactors 38, no. 2 (January): 151–57.

166 G. C. M. Gast et al., “A high menaquinone intake reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease.” Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases 19, no. 7 (September 2009): 504–10.

167 J. M. Geleijnse et al., “Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study.” Journal of Nutrition 134, no. 11 (November 2004): 3100–3105.

168 D. Feskanich et al., “Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in women: a prospective study.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, no. 1 (January 1999): 74–79.

169 Y. Ikeda et al., “Intake of fermented soybeans, natto, is associated with reduced bone loss in postmenopausal women: Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Study.” Journal of Nutrition 136, no. 5 (May 2006): 1323–28.

170 M. L. L. Chatrou et al., “Vascular calcification: the price to pay for anticoagulation therapy with vitamin K-antagonists.” Blood Reviews 26, no. 4 (July 2012): 155–66.

171 R. C. Morris et al., “Relationship and interaction between sodium and potassium.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 25, no. 3 Suppl (June 2006): 262S–70S.

172 N. J. Aburto et al., “Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses.” BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 346 (January 2013): f1378.