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1. E. L. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 243.

2. M. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1962).

3. H. Blodget and T. Danova, "Future of Digital: 2013," Business Insider, November 12, 2013, http://www.businessinsider.com/the-future-of-digital-2013-2013-11.

4. J. Matthew, "The World's Most Expensive Book Just Sold For Over $14 Million," Business Insider, November 26, 2013, http://www.businessinsider.com/worlds-most-expensive-book-sells-for-14-million-2013-11.

5. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 152.

6. Ibid., 159.

7. N. Silver, The Signal and the Noise (New York, NY: Penguin, 2012), 2.

8. N. Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains (New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2010), 69.

9. Silver, The Signal and the Noise, 12.

10. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 41.

11. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy, 124.

12. Silver, The Signal and the Noise, 7.

13. Ibid., 3.

14. Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, 71.

15. "The Book of Jobs: Hope, Hype, and Apple's iPad," The Economist, January 30–February 5, 2010.

16. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 75.

17. Ibid., 119.

18. McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy, 206.

19. S. Turkle, Alone Together (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2011), 166.

20. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 132.

21. T. Standage, "Social Networking in the 1600s," New York Times, June 23, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/opinion/sunday/social-networking-in-the-1600s.html?pagewanted=all.

22. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 53.

23. V. Goel, "Our Daily Cup of Facebook," New York Times, August 13, 2013, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/13/our-daily-cup-of-facebook/?ref=technology&_r=0&pagewanted=print.

24. N. Silver, The Signal and the Noise, 2.

25. "The March of Protest," The Economist, June 29, 2013, http://www.economist.com/printedition/2013-06-29.

26. W. Ghonim, Revolution 2.0: The Power of the People Is Greater Than the People in Power (New York: Houghton Miffin Harcourt, 2012).

27. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 129.

28. M. B. Hall, The Scientific Renaissance 1450–1630 (New York, NY: Harper & Brothers, 1962), 130.

29. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 268.