26. Nettleton, J. A., et al., “Dietary Patterns, Food Groups, and Telomere Length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA),” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 88, no. 5 (November 2008): 1405–1412.

27. Cardin, R., et al., “Effects of Coffee Consumption in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Digestive and Liver Disease 45, no. 6 (June 2013): 499–504, doi:10.1016/j.dld.2012.10.021.

28. Liu JJ, Crous-Bou M, Giovannucci E, De Vivo I.“Coffee Consumption Is Positively Associated with Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length” in the Nurses’ Health Study. J Nutr. 2016 Jul;146 (7):1373–8. doi: 10.3945/ jn.116.230490. Epub 2016 Jun 8.

29. Lee, J. Y., et al., “Association Between Dietary Patterns in the Remote Past and Telomere Length.” (See #23 above.) Nettleton et al., “Dietary Patterns, Food Groups, and Telomere Length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).”

30. García-Calzón, S., et al., “Telomere Length as a Biomarker for Adiposity Changes After a Multidisciplinary Intervention in Overweight/Obese Adolescents: The EVASYON Study,” PLOS ONE 9, no. 2 (February 24, 2014): e89828, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089828.

31. Lee et al., “Association Between Dietary Patterns in the Remote Past and Telomere Length.” (See #23 above.)

32. Leung et al., “Soda and Cell Aging.” (See #17 above.)

33. Tiainen, A. M., et al., “Leukocyte Telomere Length and Its Relation to Food and Nutrient Intake in an Elderly Population,” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, no. 12 (December 2012): 1290–1294, doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.143.

34. Cassidy, A., et al., “Associations Between Diet, Lifestyle Factors, and Telomere Length in Women,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 5 (May 2010): 1273–1280, doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28947.

35. Pavanello et al., “Shortened Telomeres in Individuals with Abuse in Alcohol Consumption.” (See #13 above.)

36. Cassidy et al., “Associations Between Diet, Lifestyle Factors, and Telomere Length in Women.” (See #34 above.)

37. Tiainen et al., “Leukocyte Telomere Length and Its Relation to Food and Nutrient Intake in an Elderly Population.” (See #33 above.)

38. Lee et al., “Association Between Dietary Patterns in the Remote Past and Telomere Length.” (See #23 above.)

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

41. Farzaneh-Far et al., “Association of Marine Omega–3 Fatty Acid Levels With Telomeric Aging in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease.” (See #25 above.)

42. García-Calzón et al., “Telomere Length as a Biomarker for Adiposity Changes After a Multidisciplinary Intervention in Overweight/Obese Adolescents: The EVASYON Study.” (See #30 above.)

43. Liu JJ, Crous-Bou M, Giovannucci E, De Vivo I. “Coffee Consumption Is Positively Associated with Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length” in the Nurses’ Health Study. J Nutr. 2016 Jul;146 (7):1373–8. doi: 10.3945/ jn.116.230490. Epub 2016 Jun 8. PMID: 27281805.

44. Paul, L., “Diet, Nutrition and Telomere Length,” Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 22, no. 10 (October 2011): 895–901, doi:10.1016/ j.jnutbio.2010.12.001.

45. Richards, J. B., et al., “Higher Serum Vitamin D Concentrations Are Associated with Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length in Women,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86, no. 5 (November 2007): 1420–1425. Xu et al., “Multivitamin Use and Telomere Length in Women.” (See #14 above.)

46. Paul et al., “High Plasma Folate Is Negatively Associated with Leukocyte Telomere Length in Framingham Offspring Cohort.” (This study also found vitamin use was associated with shorter telomeres.) (See #15 above.)

47. O’Neill, J., T. O. Daniel, and L. H. Epstein, “Episodic Future Thinking Reduces Eating in a Food Court,” Eating Behaviors 20 (January 2016): 9–13, doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.10.002.

48. Vasilaki, E. I., S. G. Hosier, and W. M. Cox, “The Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing as a Brief Intervention for Excessive Drinking: A Meta-analytic Review.” Alcohol and Alcoholism 41, no. 3 (May 2006): 328–335, doi:10.1093/ alcalc/agl016; and Lindson-Hawley, N., T. P. Thompson, and R. Begh, “Motivational Interviewing for Smoking Cessation,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3 (March 2, 2015): CD006936, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006936.pub3.

49. Sheldon, K. M., A. Gunz, C. P. Nichols, and Y. Ferguson, “Extrinsic Value Orientation and Affective Forecasting: Overestimating the Rewards, Under-estimating the Costs,” Journal of Personality 78, no. 1 (February 2010): 149–178, doi:10.1111/j.1467–6494.2009.00612.x; Kasser, T., and R. M. Ryan, “Further Examining the American Dream: Differential Correlates of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals,” Personality– and Social Psychology Bulletin 22, no. 3 (March 1996): –280–287, doi:10.1177/0146167296223006; and Ng, J. Y., et al., “Self-Determination Theory Applied to Health Contexts: A Meta-analysis,” Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science 7, no. 4 (July 2012): 325–340, doi:10.1177/1745691612447309.

50. Ogedegbe, G. O., et al., “A Randomized Controlled Trial of Positive-Affect Intervention and Medication Adherence in Hypertensive African Americans,” Archives of Internal Medicine 172, no. 4 (February 27, 2012): 322–326, doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1307.

51. Bandura, A., “Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change.” Psychological Review 84, no. 2 (March 1977): 191–215.

52. B. J. Fogg illustrates his suggestion of making tiny changes attached to daily trigger events: “Forget Big Change, Start with a Tiny Habit: BJ Fogg at TEDxFremont,” YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdKU Jxjn-R8.

53. Baumeister, R. F., “Self-Regulation, Ego Depletion, and Inhibition,” Neuropsychologia 65 (December 2014): 313–319, doi:10.1016/j.neuropsycho logia.2014.08.012.

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2. Geronimus, A. T., et al., “Race-Ethnicity, Poverty, Urban Stressors, and Telomere Length in a Detroit Community-Based Sample,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 56, no. 2 (June 2015): 199–224, doi:10.1177/0022146515582100.

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