French, H. (2014) China’s Second Continent: how a million migrants are building a new empire in Africa, New York NY: Alfred A. Knopf.

Gessen, M. (2012) The Man Without a Face: the unlikely rise of Vladimir Putin, New York NY: Riverhead Books.

Girard, B. (2009) The Google Way: how one company is revolutionizing management as we know it, San Francisco CA: No Starch Press.

Goldsmith, J. and T. Wu (2006) Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a borderless world, New York NY: Oxford University Press.

Gorham, M. et al. (2014) Digital Russia: the language, culture and politics of new media communication, Abingdon: Routledge.

Greenwald, G. (2014) No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the US surveillance state, New York NY: Henry Holt and Company.

Gutmann, E. (2004) Losing the New China: a story of American commerce, desire, and betrayal, San Francisco CA: Encounter Books.

Harris, R. and A. Isa (2011) ‘“Invitation to a mourning ceremony”’: perspectives on the Uyghur internet, Inner Asia 13.

He, Q. (2008) The Fog of Censorship: media control in China, New York NY: Human Rights in China.

Herold, D. (2011) Online Society in China: creating, celebrating, and instrumentalising the online carnival, London: Routledge.

Hillman, B. and G. Tuttle (2016) Ethnic Conflict and Protest in Tibet and Xinjiang: unrest in China’s west, New York NY: Columbia University Press.

Holdstock, N. (2015) China’s Forgotten People: Xinjiang, terror and the Chinese state, London: I. B. Tauris.

HRW (2006) ‘How censorship works in China: a brief overview’ in ‘Race to the Bottom’: corporate complicity in Chinese internet censorship, New York NY: Human Rights Watch (HRW), https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/china0806/3.htm.

HRW (2009) ‘We Are Afraid to Even Look for Them’: enforced disappearances in the wake of Xinjiang’s protests, New York NY: Human Rights Watch (HRW).

Ilham, J. (2015) Jewher Ilham: a Uyghur’s fight to free her father, New Orleans LA: University of New Orleans Press.

Inkster, N. (2016) China’s Cyber Power, Abingdon: Routledge.

Jacobs, J. (2016) Xinjiang and the Modern Chinese State, Seattle WA: University of Washington Press.

Johnson, I. (2004) Wild Grass: three stories of change in modern China, New York NY: Pantheon Books.

Kalathil, S. (2017) Beyond the Great Firewall: how China became a global information power, Washington DC: Center for International Media Assistance.

Kang, X. (2000) Hong Kong: Ming Pao Publishing.

King, G., J. Pan and M. Roberts (2013) ‘How censorship in China allows government criticism but silences collective expression’, American Political Science Review 107, no. 2, pp. 1–18.

King, G. et al. (2017) ‘How the Chinese government fabricates social media posts for strategic distraction, not engaged argument’, American Political Science Review 111, no. 3, pp. 484–501, http://gking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/50c.pdf?m=1463683069.

Kleinwächter, W. (2005) Reforming Internet Governance: perspectives from the Working Group on Internet Governance, New York NY: United Nations Publications.

Lagerkvist, J. (2010) After the Internet, Before Democracy: competing norms in Chinese media and society, Bern: Peter Lang.

Lee, K. (2011) Making a World of Difference, self-published by Kai-Fu Lee.

Leiner, B., V. Cerf, D. Clark, R. Kahn, L. Kleinrock, D. Lynch, J. Postel, L. Roberts and S. Wolff (1997) ‘Brief history of the internet’, Reston VA: Internet Society, https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet/.

Levy, S. (2011) In The Plex: how Google thinks, works, and shapes our lives, New York NY: Simon and Schuster.

Li, H. (2014) ‘Zhuan Falun’, FalunDafa.org.

Lindsay, J. et al. (2015) China and Cybersecurity: espionage, strategy, and politics in the digital domain, New York NY: Oxford University Press.

MacKinnon, R. (2012) Consent of the Networked: the world-wide struggle for internet freedom, New York NY: Basic Books.

McGregor, R. (2012) The Party: the secret world of China’s Communist rulers, New York NY: Penguin Books.

Millward, J. (2007) Eurasian Crossroads: a history of Xinjiang, New York NY: Columbia University Press.

Morozov, E. (2012) The Net Delusion: how not to liberate the world, London: Hachette.

Mueller, M. (2009) Ruling the Root: internet governance and the taming of cyberspace, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Ng, J. (2013) Blocked on Weibo: what gets suppressed on China’s version of Twitter (and why), New York NY: The New Press.

Ownby, D. (2008) Falun Gong and the Future of China, New York NY: Oxford University Press.

Palmer, D. (2007) Qigong Fever: body, science, and utopia in China, New York NY: Columbia University Press.

Parker, E. (2014) Now I Know Who My Comrades Are: voices from the internet underground, New York NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Penny, B. (2012) The Religion of Falun Gong, Chicago IL and London: University of Chicago Press.

Perdue, P. (2005) China Marches West, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.

Pomerantsev, P. (2014) Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible: the surreal heart of the New Russia, New York NY: PublicAffairs.

Roberts, M. (2018) Censored: distraction and diversion inside China’s Great Firewall, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

Ryan, F. (2018) ‘Weibo diplomacy and censorship in China’, Canberra: Australian Strategic Policy Institute, https://www.aspi.org.au/report/weibo-diplomacy-and-censorship-china.

Segal, A. (2016) The Hacked World Order: how nations fight, trade, maneuver, and manipulate in the digital age, New York NY: PublicAffairs.

Shakya, T. (1999) The Dragon in the Land of Snows: a history of modern Tibet since 1947, London: Pimlico.

Shambaugh, D. (2013) China Goes Global: the partial power, New York NY: Oxford University Press.

Shao, G. (2012) Internet Law in China, San Diego CA: Elsevier Science.

So, S. and J. Westland (2010) Red Wired: China’s internet revolution, London: Marshall Cavendish.

Soldatov, A. and I. Borogan (2015) The Red Web: the struggle between Russia’s digital dictators and the new online revolutionaries, New York NY: PublicAffairs.

Starr, S. (2004) Xinjiang: China’s Muslim borderland, New York NY: M. E. Sharpe.

Szadziewski, H. and G. Fay (2014) ‘Trapped in a virtual cage: Chinese state repression of Uyghurs online’, Uyghur Human Rights Project.

Tai, Z. (2006) The Internet in China: cyberspace and civil society, London and New York NY: Routledge.