Smith and Alexander, Fumbling the Future.

Meyer and Rowan, «Institutional Organizations».

Smith and Alexander, Fumbling the Future, 190.

Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive, 274–275.

Ibid., 277.

Глава 14

Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 50.

John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 67.

Ibid., 99.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 105.

Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 78.

Ibid., 81. 7. Ibid., 82.

Ibid., 83.

Ibid.

Philip Selznick, TV A and the Grass Roots (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1949).

Seymour M. Hersh, Th e Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House (New York: Summit Books, 1983), 29.

Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 42.

Hersh, Th e Price of Power, 35.

Глава 15

Richard M. Nixon, Leaders (New York: Warner Books, 1982), 4.

Jeff rey Pfeff er, Power in Organizations (Marshfi eld, MA: Pitman Publishing, 1981).

Murray Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964), 39.

Ibid., 124.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 217.

Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics, 12.

Herbert Stein, «Confessions of a Tax Addict», Th e Wall Street Journal (October 2, 1989): A14.

Ibid.

C.W. Morris, Signs, Language and Behavior (New York: Prentice-Hal], 1949), 214.

Mernam-Webster, Inc., Webster’s Th ird New International Dictionary (Springfi eld, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1981), 2619–2620.

Karl E. Weick, «Cognitive Processes in Organizations», Research in Organizational Behavior, ed. Barry M. Staw, vol. 1 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1979), 42.

Th omas J. Peters, «Symbols, Patterns, and Settings: An Optimistic Case for Getting Th ings Done», Organizational Dynamics 7 (1978): 10.

Nixon, Leaders, 4.

Louis R. Pondy, «Leadership Is a Language Game», Leadership: Where Else Can We Go? eds. Morgan W. McCall, Jr., and Michael M. Lombardo (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1978), 94–95.

Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986), 63.

Ibid., 64–65.

Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 124–130.

Ibid., 130.

Ibid., 131.

Robert A. Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 235.

Ibid., 236.

Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics, 123.

Ibid., 78.

Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of EF. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 191.

Ibid., 194.

J. Patrick Wright, On A Clear Day You Can See General Motors (Grosse Point, MI: Wright Enterprises, 1979), 39.

Ibid., 44.

MarcR. Reinganum, «Th e Eff ect of Executive Succession on Shareholder Wealth», Administrative Science Quarterly 30 (1985); 46–60; Stewart D. Friedman and Harbir Singh, «CEO Succession and Stockholder: Th e Infl uence of Organizational Context and Event Content», Academy of Management Journal 32 (1989): 718–744.

Mayer N. Zald, «Who Shall Rule? A Political Analysis of Succession in Large Welfare Organization», Pacifi c Sociological Review 8 (1965): 52–60.

Wright, On a Clear Day, 16–18.

Rose, West of Eden, 139.

John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and t he Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 77.

Rose, West of Eden, 98.

Глава 16

John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 5.

Nicholas Lemann, «Th e Split: A True Story of Washington Lawyers», Washington Post Magazine (March 23, 1980): 20.

Ibid., 19.

Ibid.

Ibid., 20.

Th omas Kessner, Fiorello H. La Guardia and the Making of Modern New York (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989), 570.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 511.

Alison Leigh Cowan, «Th e Partners Revolt at Peat Marwick», New York Times (November 18, 1990).

Ibid., 10.

Ibid.

Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 998.

Ibid., 986.

Ibid., 996.

Ibid., 1003.

Ken Auletta, «Th e Fall of Lehman Brothers: Th e Men, Th e Money, Th e Merger», New York Times Magazine (February 24, 1985): 37.

Ibid., 40.

Ibid.

Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: Th e Life of William S. Paley (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990).

Глава 17

Richard T. Pascale, Managing on the Edge (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990).

Robert A. Burgelman, «Intraorganizational Ecology of Strategy-Making and Organizational Adaptation: Th eory and Field Research», Organization Science (in press).

Bryon Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 32.

Ibid., 33.

Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 228.

Milgrom and John Roberts, «An Economic Approach to Infl uence Activities in Organizations», American Journal of Sociology 94 (supplement, 1988): S156-S157.

Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 160.

Ibid., 219.

Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988), 144.

Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 92.

Nick Kotz, Wild Blue Yonder: Money, Politics, and the B-i Bomber (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988).

Ibid., 11.

Ibid., 14.