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Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 463.
James G. March and John P. Olsen, Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations (Bergen, Norway: Univcrsitetsforlaget, 1976).
Gardner, On Leadership, 8.
Martha S. Feldman and James G. March, «Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol», Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 171–186.
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Michael Lewis, Liar’s Poker: Rising through the Wreckage on Wall Street (New York: Penguin, 1990), 61.
William L. Moore and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Th e Relationship Between Departmental Power and Faculty Careers on Two Campuses: Th e Case for Structural Eff ects on Faculty Salaries», Research in Higher Education 13 (1980): 291–306.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and Alison Davis-Blake, «Understanding Organizational Wage Structures: A Resource Dependence Approach», Academy of Management Journal 30 (1987): 437–455.
John E. Sheridan et al., «Eff ects of Corporate Sponsorship and Departmental Power on Career Tournaments», Academy of Management Journal 33 (1990): 578–602.
John M, Barry, The Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 29.
Janice Lodahl and Gerald Gordon, «Th e Structure of Scientifi c Fields and the Functioning of University Graduate Departments», American Sociological Review 37 (1972): 57–72.
Janice Lodahl and Gerald Gordon, «Funding the Sciences in University Departments», Educational Record 54 (1973): 74–82.
Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Power in University Budgeting: A Replication and Extension», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980): 637–653.
Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
Gerald R. Salancik, Barry M. Staw, and Louis R. Pondy, «Administrative Turnover as a Response to Unmanaged Organizational Interdependence, Academy of Management Journal 23 (1980): 422–437; Jeff rey Pfeff er and William L. Moore, «Average Tenure of Academic Department Heads: Th e Eff ects of Paradigm, Size, and Departmental Demography», Administrative Science Quarterly 25 (1980): 387–406.
Alison M. Konrad and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Do You Get What You Deserve? Factors Aff ecting the Relationship Between Productivity and Pay», Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1990): 258–285.
Janice M. Beyer and Th omas M. Lodahl, «A Comparative Study of Patterns of Infl uence in United States and English Universities», Administrative Science Quarterly 21 (1976): 104–129.
Pfeff er and Moore, «Average Tenure of Academic Department Heads»; Salancik, Staw, and Pondy, «Administrative Turnover».
D.J. Hickson et al., «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971): 216–229
Setsuo Miyazawa, «Legal Departments of Japanese Corporations in the United States: A Study on Organizational Adaptation to Multiple Environments», Kobe University Law Review 20 (1986): 97–162.
Ibid., 135.
Ibid., 126.
John Dean, Blind Ambition (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976), 30.
Ibid., 38.
Ibid., 40.
Richard M. Emerson, «Power-Dependence Relations», American Sociological Review 27 (1962): 31–41; Peter M. Blau, Exchange and Power in Social Life (New York: John Wiley, 1964).
Michel Crozier, Th e Bureaucratic Phenomenon (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964).
Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker; Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 464.
Ibid., 464–465.
Hickson et al, «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory»; C.R. Minings et al., «Structural Conditions of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 216–229.
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John P. Kotter, Th e General Managers (New York: Free Press, 1982).
Hedrick Smith, Th e Power Game: How Washington Works (New York: Ballantine, 1988), 61–62.
Robert Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 218.
Ibid., 226.
Ibid., 235.
Robert Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 227.
Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: Th e Life of William S. Paley (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 394.
John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990), 48.
Robert Caro, Means of Ascent: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1990).
Caro, Th e Path to Power.
Caro, Th e Power Broker, 229.
Kotter, Th e General Managers.
Smith, In All His Glory, 395.
John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 20.
Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988), 50.
Ibid., 131–132.
Gardner, On Leadership, 1.
Jeanne M. Brett, Stephen B. Goldberg, and William L. Ury, «Designing Systems for Resolving Disputesin Organizations», American Psychologist 45 (1990): 162–170; Roger Fisher and William Ury, Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreements Without Giving In (Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 1981).
Max H. Bazerman and Margaret A. Neale, «Heuristics in Negotiation: Limitations to Dispute Resolution Eff ectiveness», Negotiating in Organizations, eds. M.H. Bazerman and R.J. Lewicki (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1983).
51–67.
Gardner, On Leadership, 50–51.
Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 12.
Paul Clancy and Shirley Elder, TIP: A Biography of Th omas P. O’NeillSpeaker of the House (New York: Macmillan, 1980), 4.
Smith, In All His Glory, 391.
Ibid.
Ibid., 404.
Caro, «My Search for Coke Stevenson», Th e New York Times Book Review (February 3, 1991), 28.
Gardner, On Leadership, 53.
Aaron Bernstein, Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 167.
Richard Christie and Florence L. Geis, Studies in Machiavellianism (New York: Academic Press, 1970), 312.
Gerald R. Salancik and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Who Gets Power — and How Th ey Hold on to It: A Strategic-Contingency Model of Power», Organizational Dynamics 5 (1977): 3–21.
James D. Th ompson and Arthur Tuden, «Strategies, Structures and Processes of Organizational Decision», Comparative Studies in Administration, eds. J.D. Th ompson et al. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1959), 195–216.