26. Ammianus, History, vol. 3, 31.8.6; Socrates, Church History, 4.38, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

1. San-kuo chih 30, trans. Michael C. Rogers, in Peter H. Lee et ah, eds., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, vol. 1 (1993), p. 17.

2. James Huntley Grayson, Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea (1985), p. 19.

3. Chan Master Sheng Yen, Zen Wisdom (1993), p. 169; Ch’en, pp. 59–61.

4. Edward T. Ch’ien, «The Neo-Confucian Confrontation with Buddhism», Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 15 (1988), pp. 349–350; Ki-baik Lee, A New History of Korea, trans. Edward W. Wagner (1984), p. 38; Lee and deBary, p. 35.

5. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 37.

6. Grayson, Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea, p. 26.

7. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 38; Lee and deBary (1993), p. 25; John Whitney Hall et ah, The Cambridge History of Japan (1988), p. 361.

1. Vasiliev, p. 79; Zosimus, book 4.

2. Gregory of Nyssa, «On the Divinity of the Son and of the Holy Spirit», in A. D. Lee,

Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity (2000), p. 110.

3. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 7.4, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

4. Vasiliev, p. 80; Codex Theodosianus, 16.1–2, in Theodosius, The Theodosian

Codes and Novels and the Sirmondian Consititutions, ed. Clyde Pharr, with Theresa Sherrer Davidson and Mary Brown Pharr (1952).

5. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 7.12, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

6. Ibid.

7. Vasiliev, p. 87.

8. Scarre, p. 229.

9. Vasiliev, p. 81.

1. John Davies, A History of Wales (1993), p. 52.

2. О Hogain, pp. 206–207; Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of

Britain, trans. Lewis Thorpe 1966), 9.2.

3. Zosimus, book 4.

4. al-Tabari History, p. 68.

5. Walter Pohl, «The Vandals: Fragments of a Narrative», in A. H. Merrills, ed.,

Vandals, Romans and Berbers (2004), p. 34; Paulus Orosius, The Seven Books of History against the Pagans, trans. Roy J. Defarrari (1964), p. 352.

6. Ambrose of Milan, The Letters of St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, trans. H. Walford (1881), letter 20; George Huntston Williams, «Christology and Church-State Relations in the Fourth Century (concluded)», Church History, 20: 4 (1951), p. 5.

7. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 7.13, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

8. Socrates, Ecclesiastical History, 5.14, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2; Orosius, book 7.

9. «The Memorial of Symmachus», in Ambrose of Milan, Letters, letter 7.

10. Ambrose of Milan, Letters, letter 8.

11. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 7.25, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

12. Theodoret, Church History, 5.17, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 3.

13. Vasiliev, p. 82.

1. Orosius, book 7; Sozoman, Ecclesiastical History, 7.24 in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2; Socrates, Ecclesiastical History 5.25, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 12.

3. Finley Hooper, Roman Realities (1979), p. 536; Vasiliev, p. 90; Zosimus, book 5; J. B. Bury, A History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1 (1966), p. 62.

4. Roger Collins, Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000, 2d ed. (1999), p. 30.

5. Ibid., pp. 23–24, 39.

6. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 64; Vasiliev, p. 91.

7. Claudian, «Against Rufinus», in Claudian (1922), trans. Maurice Platnauer, pp. 88–89.

8. Ibid., p. 88; Zosimus, book 5.

9. Zosimus, book 5.

1. Henry Chadwick, The Early Church (1967), p. 169; Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, pp. 13–14.

2. Augustine, Confessions, trans. Henry Chadwick (1998), 8.12.

3. Norman Cantor, The Civilization of the Middle Ages (1984), p. 51.

4. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, p. 410–411.

5. Philip Schaff, ed., A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, vol.

4, first series (1889), p. 751.

6. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, p. 411.

7. Schaff, Select Library, vol. 4, p. 906.

8. Zosimus, book 5.

9. Procopius, History of the Wars, Secret History, and Buildings, trans. Averil Cameron (1967), 1.2.

10. Ibid.

11. Claudian, De Bello Gothico 16.

12. Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders (1892), pp. 721–723.

13. О Hogain, p. 208; Collins, pp. 13, 25.

14. J. B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 113.

15. Ibid., p. 117; Collins, p. 14; Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks, trans. Lewis Thorpe (1974), 2.8.

16. Zosimus, book 6.

17. Jerome, «Letter CXXVII», in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 6.

1. Agathias, The Histories, trans. Joseph D. Frendo (1975), 4.26.8.

2. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 71.

3. Thompson, p. 35.

4. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 73.

5. Ibid., pp. 88–89.

6. Procopius, History of the Wars, Secret History, and Buildings, 1.2.

7. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, p. 128.

8. George Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine State, rev. ed., trans. Joan Hussey (1969), p. 58.

9. Ugo Bianchi, «The Contribution of the Cologne Mani Codex to the Religio-Historical Study of Manicheism», in Mary Boyce, Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce (1985), pp. 18–20.

1. Jordanes, 30.157–158.

2. Ibid., 31-160.

3. Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, 4.14, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 2.

4. Collins, p. 25; О Hogain, p. 210.

5. J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Long-Haired Kings and Other Studies in Lrankish