4. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 1.5, p. 45.

5. Ibid., 1.7–12.

6. Ibid., 1.20, p. 62.

7. J. H. Thiel, A History of Roman Sea-power before the Second Punic War (1954), p. 63.

8. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 1.21, p. 64.

9. Polybius, The Histories, 1.75, translated by Evelyn Shuckburgh (1889), pp. 83, 85.

10. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 1.58, p. 105.

11. Livy, The War With Hannibal: Books XXI–XXX of The History of Rome from Its Foundation,

21.41, translated by Aubrey de Selincourt (1965), p. 66.

12. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 1. 63, p. 109.

13. Plutarch, Cleomenes, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, p. 351.

14. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 5.34, p. 291.

15. Clayton, p. 211.

16. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 5.34, p. 292.

17. Ibid., 15.33, p. 491.

18. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, 12.3.3.

19. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 3.11, p. 189.

20. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 2.1, pp. 11–12.

21. Soren et al., p. 102.

22. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 3.20–21.

23. Livy, The War with Hannibal, 21.1, p. 23.

24. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 3.33, p. 209.

25. Ibid., 3.49.

26. Livy, The War with Hannibal, 21.32, p. 56.

27. Ibid., 21.47, p. 72.

28. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 3.68, p. 237.

29. Livy, The War with Hannibal, 11.57, p. 83.

30. Ibid., 22.7, p. 102.

31. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 3.90, p. 257.

32. Ibid., 3.118, p. 275.

33. Livy, The War With Hannibal, 27.48, p. 493.

34. Ibid., 27.51.

35. Ibid., 30.20, p. 644.

36. Ibid., 30.36, p. 664.

37. Leonard Cottrell, Hannibal: Enemy of Rome (1992), p. 242.

ГЛАВА СЕМЬДЕСЯТ ЧЕТВЕРТАЯ. РИМСКИЕ ОСВОБОДИТЕЛИ И ЗАВОЕВАНИЯ СЕЛЕВКИДОВ

1. Livy, The Dawn of the Roman Empire: Books 31–40 [of The History of Rome from Its Foundation],

33.19, translated by J. C. Yardley (2000), pp. 112–113.

2. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 18.45, p. 514.

3. Ibid., 18.46, p. 516.

4. Ibid., 3.11, p. 189.

5. Livy, Dawn of the Roman Empire, 36.17, p. 268.

6. Plutarch, Flamininus, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation, p. 515.

7. Этот сюжет, помимо других источнико, основан на «Майтрейо-панишаде» из «Сама-Веды».

8. Polybius, Histories, 23.7.

9. Livy, Dawn of the Roman Empire, 40.5, p. 486.

10. Polybius, Histories, 27.1.

11. Livy, The History of Rome, vol. 6, translated by E. Roberts (1912), 42.36.

12. Ibid., 42.26.

13. Ibid., 45.12.

14. Josephus, Wars of the Jews, 1.1, in The Works of Josephus, p. 546.

15. John Bright, A History of Israel (1974), pp. 424–425.

16. Ibid., p. 424.

17. 2 Mace. 6:10, Revised Standard Version.

18. 2 Mace. 8:1, 7–9.

19. Josephus, Wars of the Jews, 1.4.

20. Ibid.

21. A. N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship (1973), p. 42.

ГЛАВА СЕМЬДЕСЯТ ПЯТАЯ. МЕЖДУ ВОСТОКОМ И ЗАПАДОМ

1. Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, p. 77, 84.

2. Di Cosmo, Ancient China and Its Enemies, p. 157.

3. Ibid., p. 165.

4. Burton Watson, trans., Records of the Grand Historian of China: Translated from the Shih chi of Ssuma Ch’ien, vol. 2 (1968), p. 129.

5. Twitchett and Loewe, p. 384.

6. Ibid., p. 386.

7. Sima Qian, Shih chi 9: The Basic Annals of the Empress Lu, in Records of the Grand Historian, p. 267.

8. Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian, p. 269.

9. Ibid., p. 270.

10. Ibid., pp. 273–274.

11. Ibid., p. 284.

12. Sima Qian, Shih chi 123, in Watson, Records, vol. 2, p. 264.

13. Hucker, pp. 123–125.

14. Hucker, p. 128.

15. Sima Qian, Shih chi 123, in Watson, Records, vol. 2, p. 264.

16. Ibid., p. 269.

17. T. W. Rhys Davids, trans., The Questions of King Milinda (1963), Book 1, p. 7.

18. Ibid., Book 7, p. 374.

19. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, 13.14.

20. Sima Qian, Shih chi 123, Watson, Records, vol. 2, p. 268.

21. Plutarch, Sylla, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation, p. 610.

22. Shih chi 123, in Watson, Records, vol. 2, p. 276.

ГЛАВА СЕМЬДЕСЯТ ШЕСТАЯ. КРУШЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ

1. Soren et al., p. 115.

2. Livy, The History of Rome, 6.42.23.

3. Plutarch, Marcus Cato, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation, p. 478.

4. Ibid., p. 478.

5. Philip Matyszak, Chronicle of the Roman Republic (2003), p. 120.

6. Plutarch, Marcus Cato, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation, p. 479.

7. Polybius, Histories, 38.3–11.

8. Ibid. 39, p. 530.

9. M. I. Finley, Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology (1980), p. 97.

10. Diodorus Siculus, 34.1–4.

11. Ibid., 34.16.

12. Ibid., 34.48.

13. Finley Hooper, Roman Realities (1979), p. 155.

14. Appian, The Civil Wars, 1.1, translated by Oliver J. Thatcher in The Library of Original Sources, vol. 3: The Roman World (1901).

15. Plutarch, Tiberius Gracchus, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, pp. 357–358.