York Times, August 12, 2015, http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/12/kodaks-firstdigital-moment/; Michael Zang, “This Is What the History of Camera Sales Looks Like with Smartphones Included,” PetaPixel , April 9, 2015, http://petapixel.com/2015/04/09/this-is-what-the-history-of-camerasales-looks-like-with-smartphones-included/; Dawn McCarty and Beth Jinks,“Kodak Files for Bankruptcy as Digital Era Spells End to Film,” Bloomberg Technology , January 19, 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-19/ kodak- photography- pioneer-fi les-for-bankruptcy-protection-1-.

2

Maltzberger, “Kindle Is the Fire That Burns Brightest for Amazon,” SeekingAlpha.com, March 8, 2013, http://seekingalpha.com/article/1259661- kindle- is- the- fi re- that-burns-brightest-for-amazon-com.

3

Kasra Ferdows, Michael A. Lewis, and Jose A.D. Machuca, “Zara’s Secret to Fast Fashion,” Harvard Business School Working Knowledge,February 21, 2005, http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/4652.html.

4

Michael Schrage, “R&D, Meet E&S (Experiment and Scale),” MIT Sloan Management Review blog, May 11, 2016, http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/ rdmeet-es-experiment scale/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sm-direct.

5

“The Trust Engineers,” Radiolab, February 9, 2015, www.radiolab.or/story/trust-engineers.

6

Jon Jenkins, “Velocity Culture,” 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxk8b9rSKOo.

7

Chris Doig, “Enterprise Software Project Success Remains Elusive,” CIO.com, October 23, 2015, http://www.cio.com/article/2996716/enterprise- software/ why- is- success- with-enterprise-software-projects-soelusive.html

8

Jared M. Spool, “The $300 Million Button,” User Interface Engineering, January 14, 2009, https://articles.uie.com/three_hund_million_button/.

9

Scout Addis, Obama for America campaign worker, personal interview, 2015.

10

Shea Bennett, “The History of Hashtags in Social Media Marketing,”AdWeek blog, September 2, 2014, http://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/history-hashtag-social-marketing/501237.

11

David J. Snowden and Mary E. Boone, “A Leader’s Framework for Decision Making,” Harvard Business Review , November 2007, https://hbr.org/2007/11/ a-leaders-framework-for-decision-making.

12

Etsy.com, “Etsy, Inc. Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2015 Financial Results,” press release, February 23, 2016, http://investors.etsy.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=253952&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2142373.

13

Consumer Reports, Twitter post, March 19, 2015, 9:27 am, https://twitter. com/CRcars/status/578593771337682944.

14

Eric Ries, The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses (New York: Crown Business, 2001).

15

“In- App Purchase for Developers,” Apple, Inc., accessed August 26, 2016, https://developer.apple.com/in-app-purchase/.

16

For example, see Austin Carr, “The Real Story Behind Jeff Bezos’s Fire Phone Debacle and What It Means for Amazon’s Future,” Fast Company , January 6, 2015, https://www.fastcompany.com/3039887/under-fire.

17

Там же.

18

Brian Jackson, “Canadian Tire Money Enters Era of Mobile Payments,”ITBusiness.ca, October 29, 2014, http://www.itbusiness.ca/news/canadian-tiremoney-enters-era-of-mobile-payments/51907.

19

Ed Catmull with Amy Wallace, Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration (New York: Random House, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 143.

20

Fiona Graham, “Searching the Internet’s Long Tail and Finding Parrot Cages,” BBC News, October 7, 2010, http://www.bbc.com/news/business-11495839.

21

Там же.

22

Driving Digital Transformation: New Skills for Leaders, New Role for the CIO, Harvard Business Review Analytic Services Report, 2015, https://enterprisersproject.com/sites/default/files/Driving%20Digital%20Transformation:%20New%20Skills%20for%20Leaders,%20New%20Role%20for%20the%2 °CIO.pdf.

23

Associated Press, “A Win for Uber: Car- Service Apps Can Update without City Approval,” June 22, 2015, http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20150622/TRANSPORTATION/150629988.

24

Andrea Rothman, “Airbus Builds Innovation Labs for Faster Tech Advances,”Bloomberg, March 9, 2015, http://skift.com/2015/03/09/airbus-buildsinnovation-labs-for-faster-tech-advances/.

25

GOV.UK, “About the Government Digital Service,” Government Digital Service blog, accessed September 1, 2016, https://gds.blog.gov.uk/about/.

26

Noah Kunin, Twitter post, December 12, 2014, 6:22 p.m., https://twitter. com/noahkunin/status/543591687084589056; Там же., 6:24 p.m., https://twitter. com/noahkunin/status/543592161951121409; and Там же., 6:25 p.m., https://twitter.com/noahkunin/status/543592503778484224.

27

GOV.UK, “How the Alpha Phase Works,” accessed September 1, 2016, https://www.gov.uk/service-manual/phases/alpha.html.

28

Amy Wilson et al., “Two Agencies Participating in the Digital Acquisition Accelerator Pilot,” 18F, June 15, 2016, https://18f.gsa.gov/2016/06/15/ twoagencies-participating- in-the-digital-acquisition-accelerator-pilot/.

29

Personal communication, 2015.

30

Greg Jarboe, “L’Oreal Launches New Makeup Line Designed by YouTube Beauty Guru Michelle Phan,” Search Engine Watch, August 19, 2013, https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/study/2289834/ loreal- launches- newmakeup-line- designed- by-youtube-beauty-guru-michelle-phan.

31

“Luxury and Cosmetics Financial Factbook 2013,” EY.com, accessed September 1, 2016, http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/ Consumer-Products/ Luxury-and-cosmetics-fi nancial-factbook-2013.

32

Tom Peters, Twitter post, January 2, 2015, 4:23 a.m., https://twitter.com/tom_peters/status/550990859756634113; Там же., 8:33 a.m., https://twitter.com/tom_peters/status/551053682151026688; and Там же., 9:49 a.m., https://twitter.com/tom_peters/status/551072739537461248.

33

Roger Dooley, “Three Customer Loyalty Lessons from Coffee Companies— Only One is Good,” Forbes , January 7, 2015, http://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerdooley/2015/01/07/coffee-loyalty/.

34

Ben Geier, “Car Dealerships Turn to Ipads, Not Sign Twirlers, to Win Business,” Fortune, September 2, 2014, http://fortune.com/2014/09/02/ cardealerships-turn- to- ipads- not-sign-twirlers-to-win-business/.

35

Personal interview, Mark Chamberlain, Select Sires director of information services, 2015.

36

Nellie Bowles, “Michelle Phan: From YouTube Star to $84 Million Startup Founder,” Recode.com, October 27, 2014, http://www.recode.net/2014/10/27/11632302/ michelle- phan-youtube-star-to-startup-founder.

37

The New York Times, The Full New York Times Innovation Report, https://www.scribd.com/doc/224608514/ The- Full-New-York-Times-Innovation-Report.

38

Там же, стр. 12.

39

Там же, стр. 27.

40

Там же, стр. 46.

41

Reuters, “New York Times Co. Profi t Jumps 48 % on Digital Growth,” February 4, 2016,http://fortune.com/2016/02/04/new-york-times-earnings/?iid =leftrail.

42

Interview with Emily Culp at Rebecca Minkoff; Phil Wahba, “Nordstrom Taps Ebay’s Tech to Build Fitting Room of the Future,” Fortune , November 25, 2014, http://fortune.com/2014/11/25/nordstrom-ebay-fi tting-rooms/; Elizabeth Holmes, “Designer Rebecca Minkoff’s New Stores Have Touch Screens for an Online Shopping Experience,” Wall Street Journal , November 11, 2014, http://m.wsj.com/articles/ designer- rebecca- minkoffs- new- stores- have- touchscreens-for-an-online-shopping-experience-1415748733?mobile=y; and Billy Steele, “Neiman Marcus’ Digital Mirror Compares Clothes Side by Side,”Engadget.com, January 13, 2015, http://www.engadget.com/2015/01/13/neiman-marcus-memory-mirror/.

43

Frank Konkel, “The Details about the CIA’s Deal with Amazon,” The Atlantic, July 17, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/07/the-details-about-the-cias-deal-with