47 «при участии людей также подтверждают»: Ibid.

47 «возникновение приятных ощущений»: S. Peciña, K. S. Smith, and K. C. Berridge, Hedonic Hot Spots in the Brain, Neuroscientist: A Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology, and Psychiatry 12, no. 6 (December 2006): 500–11; K. C. Berridge, ‘Liking’ and Wanting Food Rewards: Brain Substrates and Roles in Eating Disorders, Physiology and Be hav ior 97, no. 5 (July 14, 2009): 537–50.

48 «с ароматизатором винограда»: A. Sclafani and J. W. Nissenbaum, Robust Conditioned Flavor Preference Produced by Intragastric Starch Infusion in Rats, American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 4 (October 1988): R672– R675.

48 «в желудки»: G. Elizalde and A. Sclafani, Starch-Based Conditioned Flavor Preferences in Rats: Infl uence of Taste, Calories, and CS- US Delay, Appetite 11, no. 3 (December): 179–200; A. Sclafani and K. Ackroff, Glucose- and Fructose- Conditioned Flavor Preferences in Rats: Taste versus Postingestive Conditioning, Physiology and Be hav ior 56, no. 2 (August 1994): 399–405.

48 «в тонком кишечнике»: K. Ackroff, Y.– M. Yiin, A. Sclafani, Post- Oral Infusion Sites That Support Glucose- Conditioned Flavor Preferences in Rats, Physiology and Be hav ior 99, no. 3 (March 3, 2010): 402–11.

48 «выбросу дофамина»: I. E. de Araujo, J. G. Ferreira, L. A. Tellez, X. Ren, and C. W. Yeckel, The Gut— Brain Dopamine Axis: A Regulatory System for Caloric Intake, Physiology and Be hav ior 106, no. 3 (June 6, 2012): 394–99.

48 с «сигнал передается»: A. Sclafani, K. Ackroff, and G. J. Schwartz, Selective Effects of Vagal Deafferentation and Celiac- Superior Mesenteric Ganglionectomy on the Reinforcing and Satiating Action of Intestinal Nutrients, Physiology and Be hav ior 78, no. 2 (February 2003): 285–94.

49 «условным вкусовым предпочтениям»: A. V. Azzara, R. J. Bodnar, A. R. Delamater, and A. Sclafani, D1 but Not D2 Dopamine Receptor Antagonism Blocks the Acquisition of a Flavor Preference Conditioned by Intragastric Carbohydrate Infusions, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Be hav ior 68, no. 4 (April 2001): 709–20.

49 «помощью жиров и белков»: C. Pérez, F. Lucas, and A. Sclafani, Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Condition Similar Flavor Preferences in Rats Using an Oral- Delay Procedure, Physiology and Be hav ior 57, no. 3 (March 1995): 549–54.

49 «возникновения вкусового предпочтения»: A. Ackroff and A. Sclatani, Energy Density and Macronutrient Composition Determine Flavor Preference Conditioned by Intragastric Infusions of Mixed Diets, Physiology and Be hav ior 89, no. 2 (September 2006): 250–60.

49 «вместе они закрепляют поведенческий шаблон»: Sclafani and Ackroff, Glucose- and FructoseConditioned Flavor.

50 «отыскать калории»: C. Arnould and A. Ågmo, The Importance of the Stomach for Conditioned Place Preference Produced by Drinking Sucrose in Rats, Psychobiology 27, no, 4 (December 1999): 541–46.

50 «вводиться непосредственно в желудок»: K. Ackroff and A. Sclafani, “Flavor Preferences Conditioned by Post-Oral Infusion of Monosodium Glutamate in Rats,” Physiology and Be hav ior 104, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 488–94.

50 «к пищевому отравлению, вызывают отвращение»: Berridge, ‘Liking and Wanting Food Rewards; A. Sclafani, A. V. Azzara, K. Touzani, P. S. Grigson, and R. Norgren, “Parabrachial Nucleus Lesions Block Taste and Attenuate Flavor Preference and Aversion Conditioning in Rats, Behavioral Neuroscience 115, no. 4 (August 2001): 920–33; A. Dewan, R. Pacifi co, R. Zhan, D. Rinberg, and T. Bozza, Non- Redundant Coding of Aversive Odours in the Main Olfactory Pathway, Nature 498 (April 28, 2013): 486–89.

51 «семьдесят пять миллионов лет назад»: Berridge, ‘Liking and Wanting Food Rewards.

51 «привели к пищевому отравлению»: Bern stein and Webster, Learned Taste Aversions; M. R. Yeomans, N. J. Gould, S. Mobini,J. Prescott, Acquired Flavor Ac cep tance and Intake Facilitated by Monosodium Glutamate in Humans, Physiology and Be hav ior 94, nos. 4,5 (March 18, 2008): 958–66.

51 «у людей»: S. L. Johnson, L. McPhee, and L. L. Birch, Conditioned Preferences: Young Children Prefer Flavors Associated with High Dietary Fat, Physiology and Be hav ior 50, no. 6 (December 1991): 1245–51; D. L. Kern, L. McPhee, J. Fisher, S. Johnson, and L. L. Birch, The Postingestive Consequences of Fat Condition Preferences for Flavors Associated with High Dietary Fat, Physiology and Be hav ior 54, no. 1 (July 1993): 71–76; D. A. Booth, P. Mather, and J. Fuller, Starch Content of Ordinary Foods Associatively Conditions Human Appetite and Satiation, Indexed by Intake and Eating Pleasantness of StarchPaired Flavours, Appetite 3, no. 2 (June 1982): 163–84.

51 с «как это делают люди»: R. R. Sakai, W. B. Fine, A. N. Epstein, and S. P. Frankmann, Salt Appetite Is Enhanced by One Prior Episode of Sodium Depletion in the Rat, Behavioral Neuroscience 101, no. 5 (1987): 724–31.

52 «мы поговорим позже»: Lee, The!Kung San; A. M. Hurtado and K. Hill, Ache Life History: The Ecol ogy and Demography of a Foraging People (New York: Aldine Transaction, 1996), 561.

53 «зависимость схожим образом»: S. Ferré, K. Fuxe, B. Fredholm, M. Morelli, and P. Popoli, Adenosine— Dopamine Receptor— Receptor Interactions as an Integrative Mechanism in the Basal Ganglia, Trends in Neurosciences 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 482–87.

54 «негативные последствия для организма и синдромом отмены»: A. N. Gearhardt, W. R. Corbin, and K. D. Brownell, Preliminary Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale, Appetite 52, no. 2 (April 2009): 430–36.

54 «обнаружилась пищевая аддикция»: Ibid.

54 «злоупотреблять продуктами»: A. Meule, How Prevalent Is Food Addiction? Frontiers in Psychiatry 2 (November 2011): 61.

54 «думают по этому поводу Гирхардт и Браунелл»: Gearhardt, Corbin, and Brownell, “Yale Food Addiction Scale.”

56 «родственный ему кофеин»: H. J. Smit and R. J. Blackburn, Reinforcing Effects of Caffeine and Theobromine as Found in Choco late, Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 181, no. 1 (August 1, 2005): 101–106.

56 «привязанность чаще проявляется у женщин»: A. J. Hill and L. Heaton- Brown, The Experience of Food Craving: A Prospective Investigation in Healthy Women, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 38, no. 8 (November 1994): 801–14.

58 «которые считаем аппетитными»: M. R. Yeomans, “Palatability and the Micro- structure of Feeding in Humans: The Appetizer Effect, Appetite 27, no. 2 (October 1996): 119–33; C. de Graaf, L. S. de Jong, and A. C. Lambers, Palatability Affects Satiation but Not Satiety, Physiology and Be hav ior 66, no. 4 (June 1999): 681–88; M. O. Monneuse, F. Bellisle, J. Louis- Sylvestre, Responses to an Intense Sweetener in Humans: Immediate Preferences and Delayed Effects on Intake, Physiology and Be hav ior 49, no. 2 (February 1991): 325–30; E. M. Bobroff and H. R. Kissileff, Effects of Changes in Palatability on Food Intake and the Cumulative Food Intake Curve of Man, Appetite 7, no. 1 (March 1986): 85–96.