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18 Bardeen CR. The musculature, Sect. 5. in Morns's Human Anatomy, edited by С M. Jackson, Ed. 6 Blakiston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia, 1921 (Fig. 444, p 516).

19. Basmajian JV: Personal communication, 1990-

20. Basmajian JV, Deluca CJ-Muscles Alive, Ed 5. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1985 (P 14).

21. Ibid. (pp. 256–257, 335–340)

22. Bates T: Myofascial pain. Chapter 14. In Ambulatory Pediatncs II, edited by M. Green and R. J. Haggerty. W B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1977 (pp. 147, 148).

23. Bates T, Grunwaldt E: Myofascial pam in childhood. J Pedrntr 53:198–209, 1958

24. Brandell BR: Functional roles of the calf and vastus muscles in locomotion. Am J Phys Med 5659—74, 1977.

25. Brody DM Running injuries Clin Symp 322-36 1980 (seep 21)

26. Broer MR Houtz SJ Patterns of Muscular Activity in Selected Sports Skills Charles С Thomas, Springfield, 1967

27. Campbell KM, Biggs NL, Blanton PL, et al Electromyographic investigation of the relative activity among four components of the tnceps surae Am J Phys Med 52:30–41, 1973

28. Carter BL, Morehead J, Wolpert SM, et al Cross-Sectional Anatomy Appleton-Centu ry-Crofts, New York, 1977 (Sects 68–75)

29. Cathcart RF III Leg cramps and vitamin E JAMA 219:51–52, 1972

30. Christensen E Topography of terminal mo tor innervation m striated muscles from stillborn infants Am J Phys Med 38:65–78, 1959

31. Clarkson PM, Kroll W, McBride TC Maximal isometric strength and fiber type composition m power and endurance atlJetes Eur J Appl Physiol 44:35–42, 1980

32. Clarkson PM Kroll W, McBnde TC Plantar flexion fatigue and muscle fiber type in power and endurance athletes Med Sci Sports Exerc 12:262–261, 1980

33. Clement DB, Taunton JE, Smart GW Achilles tendinitis and peritendinitis etiology and treatment Am J Sports Med 22:179–184, 1984

34. Clemente CD Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body, American Ed 30 Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1985 (p 406)

35. Ibid. (p 576)

36. Ibid. (p 577)

37. Ibid. (p 1239)

38. Conchubhair SU Nocturnal calf cramp Lancet 1:203–204, 1973

39. Cordo PJ, Nashner LM Properties of postural adjustments associated with rapid arm movements J Neurophysiol 47:287–382,1982

40. Damell HW Simple cure for nocturnal leg cramps N Eng! J Med 301:216,1979

41. Darling RC, Buckley CJ, Abbott WM, et al Intermittent claudication m young athletes popliteal artery entrapment syndrome J Trauma 14:543–552, 1974

42. Denny Brown D Clinical problems in neuromuscular physiology Am J Med 15:368–390, 1953

43. Dongo B, Bartoli V, Grisillo D, et al Fibrositic myofascial pam in intermittent claudication Effect of anesthetic block of trigger points on exercise tolerance Pam 6:183–190, 1979

44. Duchenne GB Physiology of Motion, translated by E В Kaplan J В Lippmcott, Philadelphia, 1949 (pp 308–310)

45. Eaton JM Is this really a muscle cramps Postgrad Med 86:227–232 1989

46. Edgerton VR Smith JL, Simpson DR Muscle fibre type populations of human leg muscles Htstochem J 7:259–266, 1975

47. Ericson M On the biomechanics of cycling a study of joint and muscle load during exercise on the bicycle ergometer Scand J Rehabil Med (Suppl) 16:1—43, 1986

48. Ericson MO, Nisell R, Arborehus UP, et al Muscular activity during eigometer cy cling Scand J Rehabil Med 17:53–61, 1985

49. Ericson MO, Nisell R, Ekbolm J Quantified electromyography of lower-limb muscles during level walking Scand J Rehabil Med 18:159–163, 1986

50. Farrell MK, Partin JC3 Bove KE Epidemic influenza myopathy in Cincinnati m 1977 J Pedtatr 96:545–551, 1980

51. Femer H, Staubesand J Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ed 10, Vol 2 Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, 1983 (Figs 380, 381)

52. Ibid. (Figs 401, 412, 435)

53. Ibid. (Fig 420)

54. Ibid. (Fig 464)

55. Ibid. (Figs 465, 467)

56. Ibid. (Fig 466)

57. Ibid. (Fig 470)

58. Ibid. (Fig 472)

59. Fowler AW Relief of cramp Lancet 199, 1973

60. Fowler AW Night cramp Br Med J 2:1563, 1976

61. Frey H Musculus gastrocnemius tertius Gegenbaurs Morphoi Jahrb 50:517–530, 1919

62. Froimson Al Tenms leg JAMA 209:415–416, 1969

63. Ghon GMU, Luckwill RG Responses of the lower limb to toad carrying in walking man Eur J Appl Physiol 54:145–150, 1985

64. Good MG Painful feet Practitioner 163:229–232, 1949

65. Gravel D, Arsenault AB, Lambert J Soleusgastrocnemius synergies in controlled contractions produced around the ankle and knee joints an EMG study Electromyogr Clin Neurophysioi 27:405–413, 1987

66. Halar EM, Stolov WC, Venkatesh B, et al Gastrocnemius muscle belly and tendon length in stroke patients and able bodied persons Arch Phys Med Rehabil 59:416–484, 1978

67. Hall H Examination of the patient with low back pam Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases 33 № 4:1–8, 1983

68. Hammar M, Beig G, Solheim F, et al Calcium and magnesium status in pregnant women Int J Vitam Nutr Res 57:179–183, 1987

69. Hammar M, Larsson L, Tegler L Calcium treatment of leg cramps in pregnancy Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand 60:345–347,1981

70. Harnack G-A von Nachtlictie Wadenk rampfe bei Kmdem Dtsch Med Wochenschr 95:2394, 1970

71. Henstorf JE, Olson S Compartment syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment Surg Rounds Orthop 33–41, Feb 1987

72. Herman R, Bragin J Function of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles Phys Ther 47:105–113, 1967

73. Hirsch Ws Malsy-Mmk О Ursache von Wadenkrampfen Med Klin 71:168, 1976

74. Hollinshead WH Anatomy for Surgeons, Ed 3, Vol 3, The Back and Limbs Harper & Row, New York, 1982 (pp 773–777)

75. Hope-Simpson RE: Night cramp. Br Med J 2:1563, 1976.

76. Houtz SJ, Fischcr FJ: An analysis of muscle action and joint excursion during exercise on a stationary bicycle J Bone Joint Surg 41[Am]:123–131, 1959.

77. Insua JA, Young JR, Humphries AW-Popliteal arteiy entrapment syndrome. Arch Surg 101:771–775, 1970.

78. Iwaj T, Sato