Kelly, D. A. “Penises as variable-volume hydrostatic skeletons”. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1101 (2007): 453–463, doi:10.1196/annals.1389.014.

Kelly, Lisa S., Terry W. Snell, and Darcy J. Lonsdale. “Chemical communication during mating of the harpacticoid Tigriopus japonicus”. Royal Society 353 (1998): 737–744.

Kennedy, Victor S., and Linda L. Breisch. Maryland’s Oysters Research and Management. College Park: Maryland Sea Grant College, University of Maryland, 2001.

Klimley, Peter A. “Shark trails of the eastern Pacific.” American Scientist 103 (June/August 2015).

Klimley, Peter A., The Secret Life of Sharks: A Leading Marine Biologist Reveals the Mysteries of Shark Behavior. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

Knowlton, N. “The future of coral reefs”. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(10) (2001): 5419–5425, doi:10.1073/pnas.091092998.

Lange, Rolanda, Johanna Werminghausen, and Nils Anthes. “Does traumatic secretion transfer manipulate mating roles or reproductive output in a hermaphroditic sea slug?” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 67(8) (2013): 1239–1247, doi:10.1007/s00265-013-1551-4.

Larson, Shawn, Jeff Christiansen, Denise Griffing, Jimiane Ashe, Dayv Lowry, and Kelly Andrews. “Relatedness and polyandry of sixgill sharks, Hexanchus griseus, in an urban estuary”. Conservation Genetics 12(3) (2010): 679–690, doi:10.1007/s10592-010-0174-9.

Leenhardt, Pierre, Bertrand Cazalet, Bernard Salvat, Joachim Claudet, and Franзois Feral. “The rise of large-scale marine protected areas: Conservation or geopolitics?” Ocean & Coastal Management 85 (2013): 112–118, doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.08.013

Lehtonen, T. K., and K. Lindstrom. “Females decide whether size matters: Plastic mate preferences tuned to the intensity of male-male competition”. Behavioral Ecology 20(1) (2008): 195–199, doi:10.1093/beheco/arn134.

Levitan, Don R. “Density-Dependent selection on gamete traits in three congeneric sea urchins”. Ecology 83(2) (2002): 464–479, doi:10.2307/2680028.

Levitan, Don R., Hiroonobu Fukami, Javier Jara, David Kline, Tamara M. McGovern, Katie E. McGhee, Cheryl A. Swanson, and Nancy Knowlton. “Mechanisms of reproductive isolation among sympatric broadcast-spawning corals of the Montastraea annularis species complex”. Evolution 58(2) (2004): 308–323.

Lobel, Phillip S., and Steve Neudecker. “Diurnal periodicity of spawning activity by the Hamlet Fish, Hypoplectrus guttavarius (Serranidae)”. In The Ecology of Coral Reefs (NOAA Symposium Series Undersea Research, vol. 3). Ed. M. L. Reake. Rockville, MD: NOAA Undersea Research Program, 71–86.

Longhurst, Alan. “Murphy’s law revisited: Longevity as a factor in recruitment to fish populations”. Fisheries Research 56 (2002): 125–131.

Loosanoff, Victor L. “Seasonal gonadal changes in the adult oysters, Ostrea virginica, of Long Island Sound”. Biological Bulletin 82(2) (1942): 195–206.

Lorio, Wendell J., and Sandra Malone. The Cultivation of American Oysters (Crassostrea virginica).Stoneville, MS: Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, 1994.

Luckherst, Brian E. “Evaluation of fisheries management and conservation measures taken to protect grouper spawning aggregations in the wider Caribbean: Case studies of Bermuda, Belize and Cayman Islands”. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 58 (2007): 281–282.

Marshall, Dustin J., Selina S. Heppell, Stephan B Munch, and Robert R. Warner. “The relationship between maternal phenotype and offspring quality: Do older mothers really produce the best offspring?” Ecology 91(10) (2010): 2862–2873.

McClenachan, L., B. P. Neal, D. Al-Abdulrazzak, T. Witkin, K. Fisher, and J. N. Kittinger. “Do community supported fisheries (CSFs) improve sustainability?” Fisheries Research 157 (2014): 62–69.

Meek, Alexander. “The reproductive organs of Cetacea”. J Anat. 52(2) (1918): 186–210.

Millus, Susan. “Dead, live guppies vie for paternity”. Science News July 13, 2013.

Milner, J. M., E. B. Nilsen, and H. P. Andreassen. “Demographic side effects of selective hunting in ungulates and carnivores”. Conserv Biol 21(1) (2007): 36–47, doi:10.1111/j.1523–1739. 2006.00591.x.

Mohanty, Sobhi, Alfredo F. Ojanguren, and Lee A. Fuiman. “Aggressive male mating behaviors depends on female maturity in Octopus bimaculoides”. Marine Biology 161 (2014): 1521–1530.

Montaigne, Fen. “Still waters: The global fish crisis”. National Geographic. April 2007.

Morris, Robert W. “Clasping mechanism of the cottid fish Oligocottus snyderi Greeley”. Pacific Science 10(3) (1956): 314–317.

Morton, Brain. “The biology and functional morphology of Chlamydoconcha orcutti with discussion on the taxonomic status of the Chlamydoconchacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)”. J. Zool., Lond 195 (1981): 81–121.

Moyer, Jack T., and Roger C. Steene. “Nesting behavior of the anemonefish Amphirion polymnus”. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 26(2) (1979).

Munday, P. L., P. M. Buston, and R. R. Warner. “Diversity and flexibility of sex-change strategies in animals”. Trends Ecol Evol 21(2) (2006): 89–95, doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.10.020.

Munday, Philip. 2002. “Bi-directional sex change: Testing the growth-rate advantage model”. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 52(3) (2002): 247–254, doi:10.1007/s00265-002-0517-8.

Munk, Ole. “Histology of the fusion area between the parasitic male and the female in the deep-sea anglerfish Neoceratias spinifer Pappenheim, 1914 (Teleostei, Ceratioidei)”. Acta Zoologica 81 (2000): 315–324.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Debris Program. Report on the occurrence and health effects of anthropogenic debris ingested by marine organisms. Silver Spring, MD, 2014.

Norman, Mark D., Julian Finn, and Tom Tregenza. “Female impersonation as an alternative reproductive strategy in giant cuttlefish”. Royal Society 266 (1999): 1347–1349.

Nosel, A. P., A. Caillat, E. K. Kisfaludy, M. A. Royer, and N. C. Wegner. “Aggregation behavior and seasonal philopatry in male and female sharks Triakis semifasciata along the open coast of Southern California, USA”. Marine Ecology Progress Series 499 (2014): 157–175.

Ospina-Alvarez, N., and F. Piferrer. “Temperature-dependent sex determination in fish revisited: Prevalence, a single sex ratio response pattern, and possible effects of climate change”. PLoS One 3(7) (2008): e2837, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002837.

Palmer, A. Richard. “Caught right-handed”. Nature, December 7, 2006, 689–692.