7 Eleanor C.Nordyke, Y.Scott Matsumoto, The Japanese in Hawaii: Historical and Demographic Perspective (Honolulu: Population Institute, East-West Center, 1977), 164.

8 J.Vincenza Scarpaci, «Labor for Louisiana’s Sugar Cane Fields: An Experiment in Immigrant Recruitment,» Italian Americana 7, no. 1 (1981): 20, 33, 34; J.P.Reidy, «Mules and Machines and Men: Field Labor on Louisiana Sugar Plantations, 1887–1915,» Agricultural History 72, no. 2 (1998): 188.

9 M.Bejarano, «La inmigración a Cuba y la política migratoria de los EE.UU. (1902–1933),» Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe 42, no. 2 (1993): 114.

10 Patrick Bryan, «The Question of Labour in the Sugar Industry of the Dominican Republic in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century,» Social and Economic Studies 29, nos. 2–3 (1980): 278–283; April J.Mayes, The Mulatto Republic: Class, Race, and Dominican National Identity (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2015), 83; Samuel Martínez, «From Hidden Hand to Heavy Hand: Sugar, the State, and Migrant Labor in Haiti and the Dominican Republic,» Latin American Research Review 34, no. 1 (1999): 68.

11 Edward Paulino, Dividing Hispaniola: The Dominican Republic’s Border Campaign against Haiti, 1930–1961 (Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 2016), 54; Richard Lee Turits, «A World Destroyed, a Nation Imposed: The 1937 Haitian Massacre in the Dominican Republic,» Hispanic American Historical Review 83, no. 3 (2002): 590–591.

12 Jorge L.Giovannetti, Black British Migrants in Cuba: Race, Labor, and Empire in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean, 1898–1948 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), Kindle, 44.

13 Louis A.Pérez, «Politics, Peasants, and People of Color: The 1912 ‘Race War’ in Cuba Reconsidered,» Hispanic American Historical Review 66, no. 3 (1986): 524–525.

14 César J.Ayala, American Sugar Kingdom: The Plantation Economy of the Spanish Caribbean, 1898–1934 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1999), 172; Barry Carr, «Identity, Class, and Nation: Black Immigrant Workers, Cuban Communism, and the Sugar Insurgency 1925–1934,» Hispanic American Historical Review 78, no. 1 (1998): 83.

15 Klaus J.Bade and Jochen Oltmer, «Polish Agricultural Workers in Prussia-Germany from the Late 19th Century to World War II,» in The Encyclopedia of Migration and Minorities in Europe: From the 17th Century to the Present, ed. Klaus J.Bade et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 595–597.

16 Dirk Musschoot, Van Franschmans en Walenmannen: Vlaamse Seizoenarbeiders in den Vreemde in de 19de en 20ste Eeuw (Tielt, Belgian: Lannoo, 2008), 32–33, 38; E.Sommier, «Les cahiers de l’industrie française: V: Le sucre,» Revue des Deux Mondes (1829–1971) 2, no. 2 (1931): 354.

17 Musschoot, Van Franschmans, 51, 83, 111, 246; Christiaan Gevers, De Suikergastarbeiders: Brabantse Werknemers bij de Friesch-Groningsche Suikerfabriek (Bedum, the Netherlands: Profiel, 2019), 20.

18 Mark Wyman, Round-Trip to America: The Immigrants Return to Europe, 1880–1930 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993), 37–38, 129.

19 Gary Okihiro, Cane Fires: The Anti-Japanese Movement in Hawaii (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991), 27.

20 Allan D.Meyers, «Material Expressions of Social Inequality on a Porfirian Sugar Hacienda in Yucatán, Mexico,» Historical Archaeology 39, no. 4 (2005): 118. См.: John Kenneth Turner, Barbarous Mexico: An Indictment of a Cruel and Corrupt System (London: Cassell, 1911).

21 См., например: Matthew Casey, «Haitians’ Labor and Leisure on Cuban Sugar Plantations: The Limits of Company Control,» New West Indian Guide 85, nos. 1–2 (2011): 14.

22 G.R.Knight, Commodities and Colonialism: The Story of Big Sugar in Indonesia, 1880–1942 (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 199; Bosma, The Sugar Plantation, 190.

23 Bosma, The Sugar Plantation, 177.

24 Jacques Adélaïde-Merlande, Les origines du mouvement ouvrier en Martinique 1870–1900 (Paris: Ed. Karthala, 2000), 113, 127, 139, 170, 173.

25 Rosemarijn Hoefte, «Control and Resistance: Indentured Labor in Suriname,» New West Indian Guide 61, nos. 1–2 (1987): 8, 11–12.

26 R.W.Beachey, The British West Indies Sugar Industry in the Late 19th Century (Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1957), 153.

27 West India Royal Commission, Report of the West India Royal Commission (London: Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1897), 8, 17, 64, 66.

28 См.: Walter Rodney, «The Ruimveldt Riots: Demerara, British Guiana, 1905,» in Caribbean Freedom: Economy and Society from Emancipation to the Present: A Student Reader, ed. Hilary McD. Beckles and Verene Shepherd (Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle, 1996), 352–358.

29 US Congress and House Committee on Ways and Means, Reciprocity with Cuba Hearings before the Committee on Ways and Means, Fifty-Seventh Congress, First Session January 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 1902 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1902), 175, 194.

30 Elizabeth S.Johnson, «Welfare of Families of Sugar-Beet Laborers,» Monthly Labor Review 46, no. 2 (1938): 325; Dennis Nodín Valdés, «Mexican Revolutionary Nationalism and Repatriation during the Great Depression,» Mexican Studies 4, no. 1 (1988): 3.

31 О Кубе, см.: Giovannetti, Black British Migrants, 56.

32 Max Weber, Die Verhältnisse der Landarbeiter im ostelbischen Deutschland: Preussische Provinzen Ostu. Westpreussen, Pommern, Posen, Schlesien, Brandenburg, Grossherzogtümer Mecklenburg, Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg (Leipzig: Duncker and Humblot, 1892), 491.

33 Manuel Gamio, Mexican Immigration to the United State: A Study of Human Migration and Adjustment (New York: Arno Press, 1969), 31.

34 Kathleen Mapes, Sweet Tyranny: Migrant Labor, Industrial Agriculture, and Imperial Politics (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 128.

35 Dennis Nodín Valdés, «Settlers, Sojourners, and Proletarians: Social Formation in the Great Plains Sugar Beet Industry, 1890–1940,» Great Plains Quarterly 10, no. 2 (1990): 118.

36 Jim Norris, North for the Harvest: Mexican Workers, Growers, and the Sugar Beet Industry (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2009), 43n.7, 44.

37 Elizabeth S.Johnson, «Wages, Employment Conditions, and Welfare of Sugar Beet Laborers,» Monthly Labor Review 46, no. 2 (1938): 325; Valdés, «Mexican Revolutionary,» 4, 21–22.

38 Johnson, «Wages, Employment Conditions,» 322.

39 Louis Fiset, «Thinning, Topping, and Loading: Japanese Americans and Beet Sugar in World War II,» Pacific Northwest Quarterly 90, no. 3 (1999): 123.

40 Victor S.Clark, Labor Conditions in Hawaii: Letter from the Secretary of Labor Transmitting the Fifth Annual Report of the Commissioner of Labor Statistics on Labor Conditions in the Territory of Hawaii for the