1. Toynbee, pp. 10–11.

2. Mark Whittow, The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025 (1996), pp. 321–322.

3. Ibn Fadlan, Ibn Fadlan’s Journey to Russia, trans. Richard N. Frye (2005), pp. 64–65.

4. Ibid., pp. 68–70; Franklin and Shepard, pp. 44–45.

5. Jones, History of the Vikings, p. 260.

6. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 68.

7. Leo the Deacon, p. 156.

8. Wladyslaw Duczko, Viking Rus (2004), pp. 214–215.

9. Toynbee, pp. 499–505; Whittow, pp. 258–259.

10. B. J. Kidd, Documents Illustrative of the History of the Church, vol. 3 (1920), p. 103.

11. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 84.

12. Vasiliev, p. 302.

13. Leo the Deacon, pp. 58, 82.

14. Ostrogorsky, pp. 284–285.

15. Leo the Deacon, p. 83.

16. Ostrogorsky, pp. 284–285; Leo the Deacon, pp. 85–86.

17. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 87. Хронология этих событий не полностью ясна, здесь приведена лишь одна из нескольких вероятных реконструкций. См. также: Whittow, рр. 260–261, and Ostrogorsky, pp. 292–293.

18. Leo the Deacon, pp. 136–141.

19. Ibid., p. 147.

20. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 90.

21. Jones, History of the Vikings, pp. 262–263.

22. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 113.

23. Ibid., pp. 97–98, 116

24. Ibid., p. 117.

1. Simon of Keza, Gesta Hungarorum, trans. Laszlo Veszpremy and Frank Schaer (1999), p. 91.

2. Ibid., p. 93; Paul Lendvai, The Hungarians, trans. Ann Major (2003), pp. 27–28.

3. Uta-Renate Blumenthal, The Investiture Controversy (1988), p 39.

4. Thatcher and McNeal, pp. 116–117. Присяга была фактически принята дважды, в 961 ив 962 годах.

5. J. N. D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes (1986), pp. 126–127.

6. Susan Wood, The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West (2006), pp. 16–17.

7. Book of Acts 8: 18–24.

8. Wood, p. 299.

9. Thatcher and McNeal, p. 118.

10. Kelly, Oxford Dictionary of Popes, p. 127.

11. Timothy Reuter and Rosamond McKitterick, eds., The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 3 (1999), p. 254.

12. Thietmar of Merseburg, Ottoman Germany (2001), pp. 126–127; Reuter and McKitterick, p.

13. Thietmar of Merseburg, p. 149.

14. Ibid., p. 150; Gerd Althoff, Otto III (2003), pp. 33–34.

15. Althoff, pp. 38–39.

16. F. L. Ganshof, Feudalism, trans. Philip Grierson (1996), pp. 3–9.

17. Thatcher and McNeal, p. 412.

18. Blumenthal, p. 11.

1. Кеау, р. 204; Satish Chandra, Medieval India (2000), p. 17.

2. Sircar, pp. 290–291.

3. Quoted in Ray, p. 81.

4. Quoted in Keay, pp. 204–205.

5. Abu al-Nasr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Utbi, Kitab-i-Yamini, trans. James Reynolds (1858), pp. 23–24, 33.

6. Ibid., p. 39; Keay, p. 206.

7. Quoted in Elliot and Dowson, pp. 26–27; Chandra, p. 17.

8. Chandra, p. 18.

9. Ibid., p. 19.

10. Romesh Chunder Dutt, A History of Civilisation in Ancient India (2000), pp. 325–326.

11. Ibn Fadlan, pp. 37–38.

12. James Heitzman, Gifts of Power (1997), p. 6; Keay, p. 216; E. Hultzsch and H. Krishna Sastri, Miscellaneous Inscriptions from the Tamil Country (1899), «Tiruvalangadu Copper-Plates», v. 84.

13. Pechilis Premiss, pp. 100–101, 104.

14. Hultzsch and Sastri, «Tiruvalangadu Copper-Plates», v. 87, 96–97.

15. Ronald Findlay and Kevin H. O’Rourke, Power and Plenty (2007), p. 68; Hultzsch and Sastri, «Tiruvalangadu Copper-Plates», v. 92.

16. Hultzsch and Sastri, «Tiruvalangadu Copper-Plates», v. 98, v. 112.

17. Heitzman, pp. 6-10.

18. Sen, p. 44.

1. Michael Psellus, Fourteen Byzantine Rulers, trans. E. R. A. Sewter (1966), p. 27.

2. John Van Antwerp Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans (1983), p. 189.

3. Ostrogorsky, p. 301.

4. Psellus, pp. 31, 35.

5. Franklin and Shepard, pp. 162–163; Psellus, p. 35.

6. Psellus, p. 43.

7. Ibid., pp. 40, 43–44, 46.

8. Ostrogorsky, pp. 309–310; Curta, pp. 244–245.

9. Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, vol. 2 (1974), pp. 26–27.

10. Karen Armstrong, Jerusalem (1996), pp. 258–259.

11. Whittow, р. 381; Farhad Daftary, A Short History of the Ismailis (1998), pp. 101, 185.

12. R. J. Crampton, A Concise History of Bulgaria (1997), pp. 21–22.

13. Armstrong, Jerusalem, pp. 259–260; Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol., 2 pp. 26–27.

1. Peter Lorge, War, Politics and Society in Early Modem China (2005), p. 32.

2. Karl F. Olsson, «The Structure of Power under the Third Emperor of Sung China» (1974), pp. 26–27.

3. Twitchett et ah, p. 99.

4. Van de Ven, p. 185.

5. Twitchett et ah, p. 99.

6. Peter Kees Bol, «This Culture of Ours»(1992), p. 55.

7. Lorge, pp. 33–34; Bol, pp. 51–52, 55.

8. Chuanjing Ding and Chu Djang, A Compilation of Anecdotes of Sung Personalities, trans, by Zhang Chu and Zhu Zhang (1989), p. 23.

9. Van de Ven, p. 189.

10. Jinsheng Tao, Two Sons of Heaven (1988), pp. 15–16.

11. Edward L. Davis, Society and the Supernatural in Song China (2001), p. 68.

12. Shepard Krech et ah, Encyclopedia of World Environmental History, vol. 2 (2004), p. 602.

13. Paludan, p. 130.

14. Joseph Needham and Cunxun Qian, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 5 (1985), p. 97.

1. Thorsson, pp. 637–638.

2. Ibid., pp. 638–641.