25. Tennant, pp. 70–71; Lee et al., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization (1993), p. 261.

1. al-Tabari, History, vol. 30, p. 335.

2. P. M. Holt, etal.,eds. The Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 1 (1970), pp. 118–119.

3. al-Tabari, History, vol. 31, p. 23.

4. Ibid, pp. 48–51.

5. Ibid., pp. 152–153, 185–186.

6. Holt et al., pp. 119–123.

7. al-Tabari, History, vol. 32, pp. 131–134.

1. Jones, History of the Vikings, pp. 25–26.

2. Louis Halphen, Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire, trans. Giselle de Nie

(1977), p. 97.

3. Wallace-Hadrill, Early Germanic Kingship, p. 114; Nithard’s Histories, 2, in

Bernhard Walter Scholz with Barbara Rogers, trans., Carolingian Chronicles (1970), p. 130.

4. Halphen, p. 158.

5. Scholz with Rogers, p. 131.

6. Ibid., p. 133.

7. Janet L. Nelson, trans., The Annals of St. Benin (1991), p. 49.

8. «Engelbert at the Battle of Fontenoy», in Dutton, p. 364.

9. H. W. Carless Davis, Charlemagne (Charles the Great) (1925), p. 314.

10. Franklin and Shepard, p. 56.

11. R H. Sawyer, Kings and Vikings (1982), p. 88; Pierre Riche, The Carolingians, trans. Michael Idomir Allen (1993), p. 192.

12. Riche, p. 197.

13. Franklin and Shepard, p. 9.

14. Ibid., p. 29.

15. Nelson, p. 44.

16. Franklin and Shepard, p. 40.

17. Ibid., pp. 55–56.

18. Photius, The Homilies of Photius, trans. Cyril Mango (1958), pp. 95–96.

19. Franklin and Shepard, p. 51.

20. Ibid., p. 58–59.

1. Dilip Kumar Ganguly, Ancient India, History and Archaeology (1994), p. 44;

Rama Shankar Tripathi, History of Kanauj (1964), pp. 227–228.

2. Tripathi, pp. 232–234.

3. Sailendra Nath Sen, Ancient Indian History and Civilization (1988), p. 371.

4. R. C. Majumdar, Ancient India (1964), p. 367.

5. Kulke, p. 11.

6. Tripathi, pp. 239, 241.

7. Majumdar, p. 367; Tripathi, p. 243.

8. Majumdar, p. 404.

1. From «The Vita of Methodius», in Deno John Geanakoplos, ed., Byzantium (1984), p. 348.

2. Ostrogorsky, p. 203.

3. Obolensky, p. 207.

4. P. M. Barford, The Early Slavs (2001), p. 221.

5. Nelson, p. 137.

6. Ostrogorsky, pp. 204–205.

7. Obolensky, p. 207; Barford, p. 222.

8. Vasiliev, p. 301.

9. Ibid., p. 304; Ostrogorsky, pp. 212–213.

10. Shaun Tougher, The Reign of Leo VI (886–912) (1997), p. 61.

11. Ibid., p. 62.

1. Dominique Sourdel, Medieval Islam (1983), pp. 76–79; Seyyed Hossein Nasr,

Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present (2006), p. 122.

2. Holt et ah, p. 124; Sourdel, pp. 78–79.

3. Paul E. Walker, Fatimid History and Ismaili Doctrine (2008), 2.4

4. Holt et ah, p. 125.

5. Ibid., pp. 125–126.

6. al-Tabari, History, vol. 34, предисловие переводчика, pp. xi-xii.

7. al-Tabari, History, vol. 35, pp. 164–165.

8. Holt et ah, p. 129.

9. S. D. Goitein, «On the Origin of the Term Vizier», Journal of the American Oriental Society, 81: 4 (Sep.-Dee. 1961), pp. 425–426.

1. Quoted in Margaret Mahler, A History of Chirk Castle and Chirkland (1912), p. 202.

2. Magnus Magnusson, Scotland (2000), p. 40.

3. Collins, p. 194; Simeon of Durham, The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham, trans. J. Stevenson (1855), p. 487.

4. Bryan Sykes, Saxons, Vikings, and Celts (2006), p. 261; Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla, trans. Erling Monsen (1932), p. 5; John Asser, Asser’s Life of King Alfred, trans. Lionel Cecil Jane (1908), p. 41.

5. Bede, p. 299.

6. Seamus Heaney, Beowulf (2001), 2.175–179.

7. Sykes, p. 262.

8. Swanton, p. 68.

9. Ibid., p. 70; Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge, trans., Alfred the Great (1983), p. 77.

10. Swanton, p. 71.

11. Keynes and Lapidge, p. 83.

12. Asser, p. 38.

13. Simeon of Durham, p. 476.

14. Keynes and Lapidge, p. 84.

15. John of Worcester, The Chronicle of John of Worcester, vol. 2: The Annals from 450 to 1066, trans. Jennifer Bray and P. McGurk (1995), p. 355.

1. Eric Joseph Goldberg, Struggle for Empire (2006), p. 331.

2. Halphen, p. 319.

3. Ibid., p. 324.

4. Ibid., p. 327.

5. Quoted in Riche, p. 219.

6. Liudprand of Cremona, The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona, trans. Paolo Squatriti (2007), p. 67.

7. Ibid., p. 64.

8. Ibid., p. 69.

9. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio, trans. R. J. H. Jenkins (1967), pp. 171–173.

10. Andras Rona-Tas, Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages (1999), pp. 336–337.

1. Lebra, p. 35.

2. Reischauer, p. 270.

3. Sadaie Fujiwara and William Ninnis Porter, A Hundred Verses from Old Japan (1909), p. 12.

4. James S. De Benneville, Saito Mussashi-Bo Benkei (1910), pp. 104–105; Meyer, p. 58.

5. Robert Borgen, Sugawara No Michizane and the Early Heian Court (1986), p. 176.

6. Reischauer, pp. 272–273.

7. Marra, p. 46.

8. Hall, et ah, pp. 55–56; Borgen, p. 28.

9. Hall et ah, p. 57; Borgen, pp. 208–209.

10. Reischauer, p. 279.