22 Wayne Patterson, «Upward Social Mobility of the Koreans in Hawaii,» Korean Studies 3 (1979): 82, 89.

23 Sven Beckert, Empire of Cotton: A Global History (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014), 287.

24 Joseph L.Love, «Political Participation in Brazil, 1881–1969,» Luso-Brazilian Review 7, no. 2 (1970): 7; Inés Roldán de Montaud, «Política y elecciones en Cuba durante la restauración,» Revista de Estudios Politicos, no. 104 (1999): 275.

25 Scott, Degrees of Freedom: Louisiana and Cuba after Slavery (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008), 70; Rick Halpern, «Solving the ‘Labour Problem’: Race, Work and the State in the Sugar Industries of Louisiana and Natal, 1870–1910,» Journal of Southern African Studies 30, no. 1 (2004): 22.

26 J.C.Rodrigue, «‘The Great Law of Demand and Supply’: The Contest over Wages in Louisiana’s Sugar Region, 1870–1880,» Agricultural History 72, no. 2 (1998): 160.

27 Paolo Giordano, «Italian Immigration in the State of Louisiana: Its Causes, Effects, and Results,» Italian Americana 5, no. 2 (1979): 165; J.P.Reidy, «Mules and Machines and Men: Field Labor on Louisiana Sugar Plantations, 1887–1915,» Agricultural History 72, no. 2 (1998): 184.

28 Rebecca J.Scott, Degrees of Freedom, 85, 93, 189–99; Halpern, «Solving the ‘Labour Problem,’» 23.

29 J.Vincenza Scarpaci, «Labor for Louisiana’s Sugar Cane Fields: An Experiment in Immigrant Recruitment,» Italian Americana 7, no. 1 (1981): 20, 27, 33–34; Giordano, «Italian Immigration,» 165; Reidy, «Mules and Machines,» 188.

30 Mark D.Schmitz, «Postbellum Developments in the Louisiana Cane Sugar Industry,» Business and Economic History 5 (1976): 89.

31 Anonymous, «Salutatory,» Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer, 1888, 1.

32 Mark Schmitz, «The Transformation of the Southern Cane Sugar Sector: 1860–1930,» Agricultural History 53, no. 1 (1979): 274, 277; Anonymous, «Leon Godchaux,» Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer, 1899, 305–306.

33 Giordano, «Italian Immigration,» 168–172.

34 Reidy, «Mules and Machines,» 189–190, 196; William C. Stubbs, «Sugar,» Publications of the American Economic Association 5, no. 1 (1904): 80; J. Carlyle Sitterson, Sugar Country: The Cane Sugar Industry in the South 1753–1950 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1953), 277, 394.

35 См.: John Wesley Coulter, «The Oahu Sugar Cane Plantation, Waipahu,» Economic Geography 9, no. 1 (1933): 60–71.

36 Эта мысль перекликается с источником: Ann Laura Stoler, «Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers: European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusion in Colonial Southeast Asia,» in Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World, ed. Frederick Cooper and Ann Laura Stoler (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 226.

37 A.Featherman, «Our Position and That of Our Enemies,» DeBow’s Review: Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial Progress and Resources 31, no. 1 (1861): 31.

38 Featherman, «Our Position,» 27.

39 В этом отношении см.: Ann Stoler, «Rethinking Colonial Categories: European Communities and the Boundaries of Rule,» Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 1 (1989): 134–161.

40 J.A.Delle, «The Material and Cognitive Dimensions of Creolization in Nineteenth-Century Jamaica,» Historical Archeology 34 (2000): 57.

41 Lawrence N.Powell, The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013), 287–290.

42 Henry Koster, Travels in Brazil (London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1816), 393–394; Elena Padilla Seda, «Nocorá: The Subculture of Workers on a Government-Owned Sugar Plantation,» in The People of Puerto Rico: A Study in Social Anthropology, ed. Julian H. Steward (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1956), 274–275.

43 Colleen A.Vasconcellos, Slavery, Childhood, and Abolition in Jamaica, 1788–1838 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2015), 43.

44 Bryan Edwards, The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies…, vol. 2 (London: Printed for John Stockdale, 1793), 16–17.

45 Freyre, Mansions, 177.

46 Frederick Law Olmsted, A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States: With Remarks on Their Economy (New York: Dix and Edwards, 1856), 594, 635.

47 Edwin Farnsworth Atkins, Sixty Years in Cuba: Reminiscences… (Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1926), 46; Antonio Benítez Rojo, «Power / Sugar / Literature: Toward a Reinterpretation of Cubanness,» Cuban Studies 16 (1986): 19.

48 John Mawe, Travels in the Interior of Brazil: Particularly in the Gold and Diamond Districts of that Country… (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1812), 281.

49 Featherman, «Our Position,» 27.

50 George Washington Cable, Madame Delphine: A Novelette and Other Tales (London: Frederick Warne, 1881); Alice H. Petry, A Genius in His Way: The Art of Cable’s Old Creole Days (Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1988), 32.

51 См.: Gilberto Freyre, The Masters and the Slaves (Casa-Grande and Senzala): A Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization, trans. Samuel Putnam (New York: Knopf, 1946).

52 Freyre, New World, 92; Freyre, Mansions, 431. См. также: José Vasconcelos, La raza cósmica: Misión de la raza iberoamericana, Argentina y Brasil (México: Espasa-Calpe Mexicana, 1948).

53 Gilberto Freyre, Order and Progress: Brazil from Monarchy to Republic (New York: Knopf, 1970), xix.

54 April Merleaux, Sugar and Civilization: American Empire and the Cultural Politics of Sweetness (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 108–115.

55 Edward E.Weber, «Sugar Industry,» in Industrialization of Latin America, ed. L.J.Hughlett (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1946), 398; Merleaux, Sugar and Civilization, 114–119.

56 R.B.Ogendo and J.C.A.Obiero, «The East African Sugar Industry,» GeoJournal: An International Journal on Human Geography and Environmental Sciences 2, no. 4 (1978): 343, 347.

57 Ulbe Bosma, The Sugar Plantation in India and Indonesia: Industrial Production, 1770–2010 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 197, 210.

58 Manuel Correia de Andrade, The Land and People of Northeast Brazil (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1980), 81; Weber, «Sugar Industry,» 393–394.

59 J.C.K., «The Sugar-Palm of East Indies,» Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 59, no. 3048 (1911): 567–569; Charles Robequain, «Le sucre de palme au Cambodge,» Annales de Géographie 58, no. 310 (1949): 189; D.F.Liedermoij, «De Nijverheid op Celebes,» Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 16, 2, no. 12 (1854): 360. См. также: Harold E.Annett, The Date Sugar Industry in Bengal: An Investigation into Its Chemistry and Agriculture (Calcutta: Thacker Spink, 1913).

60 Roger Owen, «The Study of Middle Eastern Industrial History: Notes on the Interrelationship