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1. МИР
1. Адам: Asterius. Liber ad Renatum 3–4. Моисей: Rapp C. Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity: The Nature of Christian Leadership in an Age of transition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. P. 112–114, 128–138; Bitton-Ashkelony, Kofsky. The Monastic School of Gaza. P. 62–81. Действия: Brown P. Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350–550 AD. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. P. 167–172; Leyser C. Authority and Asceticism from Augustine to Gregory the Great. Oxford: Clarendon, 2000. P. 8–12, 45–47; Sahner C. C. Islamic Legends about the Birth of Monasticism: A Case Study in the Late Antique Milieu of the Qur’ān and Tafsīr // The Late Antique World of Early Islam / ed. R. G. Hoyland. Princeton: Darwin Press, 2015. P. 393–435. Множество оригинальных историй: Goehring J. E. Ascetics, Society, and the Desert: Studies in Early Egyptian Monasticism. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1999. esp. P. 13–35, 137–161; Rubenson S. The Letters of St. Antony: Monasticism and the Making of a Saint. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995.
2. Моисей: Palladius. Historia Lausiaca 19. Аполлон: AP/G Apollo 2. Бар-Сахда: Ishoʿdenah of Basra, Ktaba d-nakputa 77. Павел: Historia monachorum in Aegypto 24.1; Palladius. Historia Lausiaca 22.7.
3. Исключение, подтверждающее правило: монах Северин до такой степени тщательно умалчивал о своем месте рождения и предыстории, что его агиограф почувствовал необходимость дать пространное объяснение отсутствия этих данных в своем повествовании: Eugippius to Paschascius, in Vita Severini, P. 2–3.
4. Благость творения: Basil. Great Asketikon, SR 92, а комментарии к книге Бытия по этому поводу см. у Василия, Hexaemeron 4.6–7, 5.4; Ambrose of Milan. Exameron 2.5, 3.9; Augustine of Hippo. De Genesi ad litteram 2.6, 8.6, 8.13–16; Eucherius. Instructiones 1.11; Intexuimus, lines 249–51; Bede. In principium Genesis 1.18, 2.9, 2.16–17. Примеры списков неясностей и темных мест биографии: Basil. Great Asketikon, LR 8 (семья, друзья, увлечения, труды, привычки); AP/GN, N. 739 (друзья, юридические споры, собственность, сельское хозяйство, домашний скот); Babai. Rules 16 (истории/ahādīth и новости/akhbār) // Vööbus, Syriac and Arabic Documents. P. 181.
5. Basil of Caesarea. Great Asketikon, LR 6, quotation 6.1.99 / trans. Silvas. P. 178–179; Hildemar. Expositio, prologue (“in uno homine duas intentiones esse non posse”); то же у Isaiah. Asketikon 11.82. Невозможность многозадачности: Gazzaley A., Rosen L. D. The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High-Tech World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016. P. 60–62, 72–73, 76–79.
6. См., например, Rebillard É. Christians and Their Many Identities in Late Antiquity, North Africa, 200–450 CE. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2012; Schwartz S. Were the Jews a Mediterranean Society? Reciprocity and Solidarity in Ancient Judaism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012; Cameron A. The Last Pagans of Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011; Payne R. E. A State of Mixture: Christians, Zoroastrians, and Iranian Political Culture in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015; BeDuhn J. Augustine’s Manichaean Dilemma, vol. 1, Conversion and Apostasy, 373–388 C.E. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010; Tannous J. The Making of the Medieval Middle East: Religion, Society, and Simple Believers. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.
7. History of Mar Yawnan 3; Vita Wandregiseli 4, 7. Контексты: Payne R. Monks, Dinars and Date Palms: Hagiographical Production and the Expansion of Monastic Institutions in the Persian Gulf // Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 22. 2011. P. 97–111; Kreiner. The Social Life of Merovingian Hagiography in the Merovingian Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. P. 67–69, 208–209. О развитии брака как христианского этического обязательства: Cooper K. The Fall of the Roman Household. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007; Foucault M. Les aveux de la chair // Histoire de la sexualité / ed. F. Gros, vol. 4. Paris: Gallimard, 2018, esp. P. 268–280. Политика в отношении женатых кандидатов в монахи: Basil. Great Asketikon, LR 12; Cassian. Collationes 21.1–10; Fulgentius of Ruspe. Letters 1.14 (женатому/замужней необходимо разрешение второго супруга даже для того, чтобы воздерживаться от секса); So-Called Canons of Maruta 54.30, 54.32, in Vööbus, Syriac and Arabic Documents; Ishoʿ Bar Nūn. Canons 16–17, 19, in ibid.; Barsanuphius and John. Letters 662. См. также дело Бенедикты, жених которой подал на нее в суд за разрыв помолвки (но она выиграла суд): Vita Fructuosi 15.
8. John Moschos. Pratum spirituale 60; Dossey L. The Social Space of North African Asceticism // Western Monasticism ante litteram: Spaces of Monastic Observation in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages / ed. H. Dey, E. Fentress. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2011. P. 137–157, at 140–146 (citing Augustine’s Ep. 15* at 141); Elm S. Virgins of God: The Making of Asceticism in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994. P. 50–51, 158; Diem. The Gender of the Religious: Wo/Men and the Invention of Monasticism // The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe / ed. J. Bennett, R. Karras. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. P. 432–446, esp. 437–439; Vuolanto V. Children and Asceticism in Late Antiquity: Continuity, Family Dynamics and the Rise of Christianity. London: Routledge, 2015, демография на с. 95–129; также см. Brown P. The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. P. 266–268 о подлинной тяге духовного товарищества между мужчинами и женщинами. О привилегии времени и преданности делу: Rubenson S. Early Monasticism and the Concept of a «School» // Monastic Education in Late Antiquity: The transformation of Classical Paideia / ed. L.I. Larsen, S. Rubenson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. P. 13–32, at 16–20.
9. Домохозяйства и члены семьи: Shenoute. Rules 37–41, 73, 258, 587; Regula sanctorum patrum 2.35; Leander. De institutione virginum 22; RB 69; Regula monasterii Tarnatensis 1.14–15, 12.9–11; Vita Fructuosi 3; Jonas of Bobbio. Regula cuiusdam ad virgines 23; Díaz P.C. Regula communis: Monastic Space and Social Context // Western Monasticism ante litteram/ ed. Dey, Fentress. P. 117–135; Vuolanto. Children and Asceticism. P. 147–176. Дети: Jong M. de. In Samuel’s Image: Child Oblation in the Early Medieval West. Leiden: Brill, 1996; Papaconstantinou A. Notes sur les actes de donation d’enfant au monastère thébain de Saint-Phoibammon // Journal of Juristic Papyrology. 32. 2002. P. 83–105; Giorda M. C. Children in Monastic Families in Egypt at the End of Antiquity // Children in Everyday Life in the Roman and Late Antique World / ed. C. Laes, V. Vuolanto. London: Routledge, 2017. P. 232–246; Schroeder C. Children and Egyptian Monasticism // Children in Late Ancient Christianity / ed. C. B. Horn, R. R. Phenix. Tübingen, Germany: Morh Siebeck, 2009. P. 317–338. Друзья: Rapp C. Brother-Making in Late Antiquity and Byzantium: Monks, Laymen, and Christian Ritual. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. P. 88–179. Dígde. Aithbe damsa bés mara; Callan M. Líadain’s Lament, Darerca’s Life, and Íte’s Ísucán: Evidence for Nuns’ Literacies in Early Ireland // Nuns’ Literacies in Medieval Europe: The Kansis City Dialogu / ed. V. Blanton, V. O’Mara, P. Stoop. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2015. P. 209–227, at 209–213.
10. Boud’hors, Heurtel. Les ostraca coptes de la TT 29. По поводу интересa монахов к гробницам фараонов см. O’Connell E.R. transforming Monumental Landscapes in Late Antique Egypt: Monastic Dwellings in Legal Documents from Western Thebes // Journal of Early Christian Studies 15. 2007. P. 239–273; Brooks Hedstrom D.L. The Monastic Landscape of Late Antique Egypt: